7.CB.20

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H₂O
B : With only medium-sized cations

Dana 8th ed.:

29.6.7.2

29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
6 : AXO₄·xH₂O

Hey's CIM Ref.:

25.10.3

25 : Sulphates
10 : Sulphates of Fe alone

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Sdt	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of SiderotilHide

Lustre:

Silky

Colour:

Yellowish, white, light green; colourless in transmitted light.

Streak:

White

Hardness:

2½ on Mohs scale

Optical Data of SiderotilHide

Type:

Biaxial (-)

RI values:

n_α = 1.513 - 1.515 n_β = 1.525 - 1.526 n_γ = 1.534 - 1.536

2V:

Measured: 50° , Calculated: 80° to 86°

Max. Birefringence:

δ = 0.021
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.

Surface Relief:

Moderate

Dispersion:

strong

Chemistry of SiderotilHide

Mindat Formula:

FeSO₄ · 5H₂O

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
O	59.506 %
Fe	23.078 %
S	13.251 %
H	4.165 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Fe, H, O, S - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of SiderotilHide

Crystal System:

Triclinic

Cell Parameters:

a = 6.292(5) Å, b = 10.632(8) Å, c = 6.072(5) Å
α = 82.62(1)°, β = 110.01(1)°, γ = 105.18(1)°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.592 : 1 : 0.571

Unit Cell V:

368.02 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Fibrous crusts; groups of divergent needle-like crystals.

Comment:

Space group P1 or P-1. Non-standard setting.

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0005844	Siderotil	Peterson R C, Roeder P L, Zhang Y (2003) The atomic structure of siderotil, (Fe,Cu)SO4.5H2O The Canadian Mineralogist 41 671-676	👁 Image	2003	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
5.73 Å	(5)
5.57 Å	(6)
4.89 Å	(10)
3.73 Å	(8)
3.21 Å	(4)
2.92 Å	(4)
2.68 Å	(4)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event	<2.4
45a : [Sulfates, arsenates, selenates, antimonates]
45b : [Other oxidized fumarolic minerals]
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals]
47b : [Sulfates and sulfites]
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere	<0.6
50 : Coal and/or oil shale minerals	<0.36
Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals	<10 Ka
54 : Coal and other mine fire minerals (see also #51 and #56)
55 : Anthropogenic mine minerals

Type Occurrence of SiderotilHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Idria Mine (Idrija Mine), Idrija, Slovenia

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Melanterite

Other Language Names for SiderotilHide

French:Siderotile

German:Siderotil
Siderotyl

Italian:Siderotilo

Russian:Сидеротил

Simplified Chinese:铁矾

Relationship of Siderotil to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Chalcanthite Group

Other Members of Chalcanthite Group:

Belogubite	CuZn(SO₄)₂ · 10H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
Chalcanthite	CuSO₄ · 5H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
Jôkokuite	MnSO₄ · 5H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
Pentahydrite	MgSO₄ · 5H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

2 photos of Siderotil associated with Szomolnokite	FeSO₄ · H₂O
1 photo of Siderotil associated with Pickeringite	MgAl₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O
1 photo of Siderotil associated with Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
1 photo of Siderotil associated with Linarite	PbCu(SO₄)(OH)₂
1 photo of Siderotil associated with Antlerite	Cu₃(SO₄)(OH)₄
1 photo of Siderotil associated with Chalcanthite	CuSO₄ · 5H₂O
1 photo of Siderotil associated with Halotrichite	FeAl₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

7.CB.	Sarvodaite	Al₂(SO₄)₃ · 5H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
7.CB.02	Voudourisite	CdSO₄ · H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
7.CB.05	Szmikite	MnSO₄ · H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CB.05	Szomolnokite	FeSO₄ · H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CB.05	Cobaltkieserite	CoSO₄ · H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CB.05	Dwornikite	Ni(SO₄) · H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CB.05	Kieserite	MgSO₄ · H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CB.05	Poitevinite	(Cu,Fe)SO₄ · H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
7.CB.05	Gunningite	ZnSO₄ · H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CB.07	Sanderite	MgSO₄ · 2H₂O	Orth. 222 : P2₁2₁2₁
7.CB.10	Bonattite	CuSO₄ · 3H₂O	Mon. m : Bb
7.CB.12	Belogubite	CuZn(SO₄)₂ · 10H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
7.CB.15	Drobecite	CdSO₄ · 4H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
7.CB.15	Aplowite	(Co,Mn,Ni)SO₄ · 4H₂O	Mon. 2/m
7.CB.15	Cranswickite	MgSO₄ · 4H₂O	Mon. m : Bb
7.CB.15	Rozenite	FeSO₄ · 4H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
7.CB.15	Starkeyite	MgSO₄ · 4H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
7.CB.15	Ilesite	Mn²⁺(SO₄) · 4H₂O	Mon. 2/m
7.CB.15	Boyleite	ZnSO₄ · 4H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
7.CB.20	Jôkokuite	MnSO₄ · 5H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
7.CB.20	Pentahydrite	MgSO₄ · 5H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
7.CB.20	Chalcanthite	CuSO₄ · 5H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
7.CB.25	Chvaleticeite	Mn(SO₄) · 6H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CB.25	Nickelhexahydrite	Ni(SO₄) · 6H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CB.25	Hexahydrite	MgSO₄ · 6H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2/m
7.CB.25	Bianchite	Zn(SO₄) · 6H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2/m
7.CB.25	Moorhouseite	Co(SO₄) · 6H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CB.25	Ferrohexahydrite	FeSO₄ · 6H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CB.30	Retgersite	NiSO₄ · 6H₂O	Tet. 422 : P4₁2₁2
7.CB.35	Zincmelanterite	(Zn,Cu,Fe)SO₄ · 7H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
7.CB.35	Melanterite	Fe²⁺(H₂O)₆SO₄ · H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
7.CB.35	Alpersite	(Mg,Cu)(SO₄) · 7H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
7.CB.35	Bieberite	CoSO₄ · 7H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2/m
7.CB.35	Boothite	CuSO₄ · 7H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
7.CB.35	Mallardite	MnSO₄ · 7H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2/m
7.CB.40	Epsomite	MgSO₄ · 7H₂O	Orth. 222 : P2₁2₁2₁
7.CB.40	Goslarite	ZnSO₄ · 7H₂O	Orth. 222 : P2₁2₁2₁
7.CB.40	Morenosite	NiSO₄ · 7H₂O	Orth. 222 : P2₁2₁2₁
7.CB.45	Meta-alunogen	Al₂(SO₄)₃ · 12H₂O	Orth.
7.CB.45	Alunogen	Al₂(SO₄)₃ · 17H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
7.CB.50	Aluminocoquimbite	Al₂Fe₂(SO₄)₆(H₂O)₁₂ · 6H₂O	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P31c
7.CB.50	Lazaridisite	3CdSO₄ · 8H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CB.52	Pararaisaite	CuMg[Te⁶⁺O₄(OH)₂] · 6H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
7.CB.55	Paracoquimbite	Fe₄(SO₄)₆(H₂O)₁₂ · 6H₂O	Trig. 3 : R3
7.CB.55	Rhomboclase	(H₅O₂)Fe³⁺(SO₄)₂ · 2H₂O	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
7.CB.55	Raisaite	CuMg[Te⁶⁺O₄(OH)₂] · 6H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CB.55	Coquimbite	AlFe₃(SO₄)₆(H₂O)₁₂ · 6H₂O	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P31c
7.CB.57	'Caichengyunite'	Fe²⁺₃Al₂(SO₄)₆ · 30H₂O	Mon.
7.CB.60	Kornelite	Fe₂(SO₄)₃ · 7H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
7.CB.65	Quenstedtite	Fe₂(SO₄)₃ · 11H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
7.CB.70	Lausenite	Fe₂(SO₄)₃ · 5H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
7.CB.75	Römerite	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂(SO₄)₄ · 14H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
7.CB.75	Lishizhenite	ZnFe₂(SO₄)₄ · 14H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
7.CB.80	Ransomite	CuFe₂(SO₄)₄ · 6H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
7.CB.85	Dietrichite	(Zn,Fe²⁺,Mn²⁺)Al₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
7.CB.85	Halotrichite	FeAl₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O	Mon. 2 : P2
7.CB.85	Apjohnite	Mn²⁺Al₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
7.CB.85	Redingtonite	(Fe²⁺,Mg,Ni)(Cr,Al)₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O	Mon. 2
7.CB.85	Pickeringite	MgAl₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
7.CB.85	Bílinite	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
7.CB.85	Wupatkiite	(Co,Mg,Ni)Al₂(SO₄)₄ · 22H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
7.CB.90	Meridianiite	MgSO₄ · 11H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1

Other InformationHide

Notes:

Soluble in water

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for SiderotilHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-3643.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

Look for Siderotil on Webmineral

Look for Siderotil on Wikipedia

Look for Siderotil on Mineralien Atlas

Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

Buy from McDougall Minerals

The Arkenstone - Fine Minerals

References for SiderotilHide

Reference List:

Marignac (1856) Annales des mines: 9: 11 (artificial salt).

Schrauf, A. (1891), Geol. Reich. Jahrb., Vienna: 41, 380 (as Siderotyl).

Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. Bulletin 679. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b679 p.134

Mellor, J.W. (1935) A Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. 16 volumes, London: vol. 14: 249.

Ross (1940) USGS Bull. 922B: 44.

Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Ect. John Wiley and Sons, New York.pp.491-492

Jambor, J. L.; Traill, R. J. (1963) On rozenite and siderotil. The Canadian Mineralogist, 7 (5). 751-763

American Mineralogist (1964): 49: 820.

Peterson, R.C. (2003a) Transition-metal substitution in melanterite from Iron Mountain, California. Canadian Mineralogist: 41: 937-949.

Peterson, R.C. (2003b) Dehydration of mine waste. The relationship among melanterite FeSO4·7H2O, siderotil FeSO4·5H2O and rozenite FeSO4·4H2O. Geological Association of Canada-Mineralogical Association of Canada-Society of Economic Geologists Abstracts Volume 28: 134-135.

Peterson, R. C., Roeder, P. L., Zhang, Y. (2003) The atomic structure of siderotil, (Fe,Cu)SO₄·5H₂O. The Canadian Mineralogist, 41 (3) 671-676 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.41.3.671

(2005) Siderotil. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for SiderotilHide

Showing 102 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the 👁 Image
symbol to view information about a locality. The 👁 Image
symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

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Locality ListHide

👁 Image
- This locality has map coordinates listed. 👁 Image
- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. 👁 Image
- Good crystals or important locality for species. 👁 Image
- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

Andorra
Ordino Llorts ⓘ Llorts Mine	Valenti Turu and Michels (1992)
Argentina
Catamarca Province Andalgalá Department Andalgalá ⓘ Capillitas mining district	Brodtkorb (2002)
Australia
Queensland Charters Towers Region Charters Towers ⓘ Thalanga Mine	Red River Resources
Austria
Carinthia Wolfsberg District Wolfsberg Lading ⓘ Cu deposit	Niedermayr et al. (1995)
Styria Murtal District Weißkirchen in Steiermark Kleinfeistritz ⓘ Kothgraben (Kotgraben)	Postl (1977)
ⓘ Samer	Postl (1977)
Tyrol Kufstein District Brixlegg ⓘ Maukenötz mining district (Mauken)	Schnorrer et al. (2005)
ⓘ Kram adit	Schnorrer+Poeverlein (2005)
Bolivia
Potosí Tomás Frías Province Potosí (Potosí Municipality) ⓘ Cerro de Potosí (Cerro Rico)	Smith et al. (2001)
Bulgaria
Plovdiv Province Rodopi Municipality ⓘ KCM smelter slag locality	Atanassova et al. (2009)
Canada
British Columbia Omineca Mining Division Granisle ⓘ Bell Mine (Newman Mine)	Carson et al. (1976)
New Brunswick Gloucester Co. Bathurst Parish ⓘ Key Anacon mine	Sabina (1967)
Ontario Algoma District Spragge Township ⓘ Pater Mine	Sabina (1991)
Cochrane District Munro Township ⓘ Centre Hill Mine (Potter)	Sabina (2000)
Québec Abitibi-Témiscamingue Abitibi-Ouest RCM ⓘ Lyndhurst Mine	Sabina (2003) +1 other reference
La Vallée-de-l'Or RCM Val d'Or ⓘ Louvem Mine	Sabina (2003) +1 other reference
ⓘ Raiville Mine (Dunraine Mine)	Sabina (2003) +1 other reference
Estrie Le Granit RCM Stratford ⓘ Solbec Mine	Estrie and Gaspesie +2 other references
China
Gansu Jiuquan Yumen Co. Changma ⓘ Zhaobishan vitriol occurrence	National Geological Archives of China ...
Guangdong Shaoguan Qujiang District ⓘ Dabaoshan Mine	Liu et al. (2018)
Shandong Linyi Yishui County ⓘ Xiarulin Ti-Fe deposit	Antong Liu and Jingbo Li (2007)
Costa Rica
Cartago Province Oreamuno Canton Irazú Volcano ⓘ Cueva Los Minerales	Ulloa et al. (2018)
Czech Republic
Moravian-Silesian Region Karviná District Lázně Darkov ⓘ Darkov Mine (1 May mine)	Matýsek et al. (2014)
France
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Var Toulon Le Pradet ⓘ Cap Garonne Mine	www.mine-capgaronne.fr (2003) +1 other reference
Germany
Baden-Württemberg Freiburg Region Ortenaukreis Oberwolfach ⓘ Clara Mine	Walenta (1992)
Waldshut St Blasien ⓘ Menzenschwand	Mangold et al. (11/21)
ⓘ Krunkelbach Valley Uranium deposit	Mangold et al. (10/21) +1 other reference
North Rhine-Westphalia Arnsberg Herne Baukau ⓘ Julia coal mine
Hochsauerlandkreis Marsberg ⓘ Copper mines	Schnorrer-Köhler (1991) +1 other reference
Siegen-Wittgenstein Kreuztal Ferndorf ⓘ Wildermann Mine	Der Aufschluss 2000 (2)
Siegen Eiserfeld ⓘ Eisenzecher Zug mine	Wittern (2001) +1 other reference
Kohlenbach Valley ⓘ Brüderbund Mine	Henrich (2009)
Düsseldorf Mettmann Wülfrath ⓘ Prangenhaus quarry	Schnorrer-Köhler (1988)
Münster Recklinghausen Marl Hüls ⓘ Auguste Victoria coal mine	Weiß (1990)
Rhineland-Palatinate Altenkirchen Daaden-Herdorf Schutzbach ⓘ Grüneau Mine (Grüne Au Mine; Grünau Mine)	Schnorrer et al. (1998)
Rhein-Lahn-Kreis Lahnstein Friedrichssegen ⓘ Friedrichssegen Mine	Schnorrer (1993)
Saxony-Anhalt Harz Harzgerode Harzgerode ⓘ Brachmannsberg Mine	Gröbner et al. (2011)
Thuringia Greiz District Kauern ⓘ Lichtenberg Absetzer dump	Witzke et al. (1998)
Greece
Attica East Attica Lavreotiki Agios Konstantinos (Kamariza) ⓘ Kamariza mines (Kamareza mines)
Plaka Plaka Mines ⓘ Adami Mine No. 2
ⓘ Plaka Mine No. 80
ⓘ Plaka Sulfate Locality
ⓘ Plaka Sulfate Locality II	Rieck (n.d.)
Hungary
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County Kazincbarcika District Rudabánya ⓘ Andrássy I. Mine	Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya
ⓘ Vilmos Mine	Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya +1 other reference
Heves County Pétervására District Recsk ⓘ Recsk Mine (Deep Level)	Mecsek-Oko
Pest County Szob District Márianosztra ⓘ Nagyirtáspuszta	Szakáll & Jánosi. Minerals of Hungary
Nagybörzsöny ⓘ Alsó-Rózsa adit	Sánoor Szakáll et al. (1997)
ⓘ Altáró	Sánoor Szakáll et al. (1997)
Italy
Liguria Genoa Sestri Levante ⓘ Libiola Mine	Carbone et al. (2002)
Piedmont Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province Antrona Schieranco ⓘ Antronapiana	De Michele (1974)
Premosello-Chiovenda ⓘ Freva Mine (Cuzzago Mine; Buèr Mine; Cuzzago & Nibbio Mine)	Michele Verdi et al. (2025)
Sardinia South Sardinia Province Iglesias ⓘ Monteponi Mine	- (n.d.)
Tuscany Grosseto Province Montieri ⓘ Boccheggiano mines	Bazzoni C. et al.
Livorno Province Campiglia Marittima ⓘ Lanzi Mine (Cava del Piombo; Buca del Piombo)	Conticini F. et al. (1980) +2 other references
ⓘ Temperino Mine	Conticini F. et al. (1980) +2 other references
Japan
Hokkaidō Prefecture Hiyama Subprefecture Hiyama District Kaminokuni ⓘ Johkoku mine (Jôkoku mine; Jokoku mine)	Nambu et al (1979)
New Zealand
Waikato Region Taupo District Orakeikorako Thermal Area (Orakei Korako; The Hidden Valley) ⓘ Ruatapu Cave (Alum Cave)	Onac (2025)
Norway
Vestland Kvinnherad Ølve mining district ⓘ Attramadalen Mines (Atramdal)	Ellingsen (1989) +1 other reference
Peru
Tacna Jorge Basadre Province ⓘ Bahai de Ite tailings pile	Diaby et al. (2006)
Poland
Lesser Poland Voivodeship Olkusz County Gmina Olkusz ⓘ Pomorzany Mine	Cabała et al. (2008)
Portugal
Beja Aljustrel Aljustrel e Rio de Moinhos Aljustrel Mine ⓘ Algares deposit	Bobos +2 other references
Viana do Castelo Ponte de Lima Cabração e Moreira do Lima Moreira do Lima ⓘ Breia Mine ("Lourinhal quarry")
Romania
Harghita County ⓘ Bălan	Edited by Szakáll-Kristály (2010)
Sântimbru ⓘ Sântimbru-Băi	Ed.:Szakáll S.-Kristály ...
Russia
Kemerovo Oblast Belovsky District ⓘ Belovo smelter	Bortnikova et al. (2017)
Sakha Verkhoyansk Fold Belt Verkhoyansk Silver Province Deputatsky ore cluster ⓘ Deputatskoe Sn deposit	Zhdanov Yu.Ya. (1998)
Zabaykalsky Krai Nerchinsky District Adun-Cholon Range ⓘ Sherlova Gora	Kasatkin et al. (2014)
Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky District ⓘ Bom-Gorkhon Mine	Eremin et al. (2014)
Slovenia (TL)
Idrija ⓘ Idria Mine (Idrija Mine) (TL)	Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference
Spain
Andalusia Huelva Minas de Riotinto Rio Tinto Mines ⓘ Alfredo pit	Calvo (1999)
Catalonia Barcelona Barcelonès Barcelona city Collserola mountain range Santa Creu d'Olorda ⓘ Sot de les Mines	Mata i Perelló (1990)
Switzerland
Valais Conthey Nendaz Aproz ⓘ Pyrite mine	Stalder et al. (1998)
Martigny Mont Chemin mining district ⓘ Les Valettes	Perroud et al. (1987) +2 other references
Sierre Anniviers Niouc ⓘ Blesec Mine	Ansermet (2012)
Ukraine
Crimea Alushta ⓘ Ayu-Dag Mountain	Alexander I. Tischenko (1996)
Krasnoperekopsk Area ⓘ Krasnoye ozero (Red Lake)	Geologiya SSSR. Poleznye iskopaemye (The geology of USSR. Commercial mineral)
Donetsk Oblast Gorlovka ⓘ Nikitovka Hg deposit (Nikitovka ore field)	Zanin et al. (2009)
USA
Arizona Cochise County ⓘ Bisbee	Graeme (1981) +2 other references
ⓘ Campbell Mine	https://www.mindat.org/photo-147491.html
ⓘ Coconino County	Wenrich (1988) +1 other reference
California Contra Costa County Clayton Mount Diablo (Mt Diablo) ⓘ Mount Diablo Mine	Ross (1940a) +5 other references
Shasta County Klamath Mountains West Shasta Copper - Zinc Mining District Iron Mountain [town] Iron Mountain ⓘ Iron Mountain Mine (Number 8; Confidence; Old Mine)	Majzlan et al. (2011)
Colorado Garfield County East Rifle Creek area ⓘ Rifle Mine	Eckel et al. (1997)
ⓘ Green River Formation	Wayne C. Shanks et al. (2012)
Indiana Spencer County Maxville ⓘ Rte. 70 roadcut ?	Erd et al. (1960)
Massachusetts Franklin County Rowe ⓘ Davis Pyrite Mine	Cerato
Nevada Lander County Reese River Mining District New York Canyon ⓘ Watt mine (Cambrian mine)	USGS Bull 997
Washoe County ⓘ Steamboat Springs Mining District	MinRec 16 (1)
New Mexico Grant County ⓘ Santa Rita Mining District	Northrop et al. (1996)
Tennessee Polk County ⓘ Ducktown Mining District	Bernard et al. (2004)
Utah Juab County East Tintic Mountains ⓘ Tintic Mining District	Bullock (1981)
Salt Lake County ⓘ Bingham Mining District	Bullock (1981)
San Juan County White Canyon Mining District ⓘ Happy Jack Mine (Blue Dike Mine)	USGS: Geological Survey Circular 217 +2 other references
Tooele County Gold Hill Mining District (Clifton Mining District) Gold Hill ⓘ Alvarado Mine	Bullock (1981)
Utah County East Tintic Mining District Dividend Tintic Standard Mine ⓘ Tintic Standard No. 2 Shaft	Bullock (1981)
Vermont Orange County Strafford South Strafford ⓘ Elizabeth Mine	Hammarstrom et al. (1999)
Virginia Albemarle County Stony Point ⓘ Stony Point Mine	Dietrich (1990)
Louisa County Gold-Pyrite Belt Mineral ⓘ Sulphur Mine (Crenshaw Mine; Victoria Furnace Mine)	Dietrich (1990)
Wise County Big Stone Gap ⓘ Roadcut	Dietrich (1990)
ⓘ Roadcut (2)	Dietrich (1990)
Washington Chelan County Railroad Creek Mining District ⓘ Holden Mine	Kilburn et al. (1996)

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