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1997 in spaceflight
Orbital launches
👁 Image Launch of the Cassini and Huygens spacecraft on a Titan IVB
First	12 January
Last	24 December
Total	89
Successes	83
Failures	3
Partial failures	3
Catalogued	86
National firsts
Satellite	👁 Image Philippines
Rockets
Maiden flights	M-V Titan IVB VLS-1 Taepodong-1
Retirements	Atlas I
Crewed flights
Orbital	10
Total travellers	51
v t e

1997 in spaceflight
Timeline of spaceflight ← 1996 1998 →

This article outlines notable events occurring in 1997 in spaceflight, including major launches and EVAs.

Cassini–Huygens launch

[edit]

Launched aboard a Titan IVB/Centaur on October 15, 1997, Cassini was active in space for nearly 20 years, spending almost 7 years in transit and 13 years orbiting Saturn, studying the planet and its system after entering orbit on July 1, 2004.^[1]

v t e Timeline of spaceflight
Spaceflight before 1951
1950s	1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 (H1, H2) 1959 (H1, H2)
1960s	1960 (T1, T2, T3) 1961 (H1, H2) 1962 (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4) 1963 (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4) 1964 (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4) 1965 (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4) 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970s	1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980s	1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
1990s	1990 1991 (H1, H2) 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1998 1999
2000s	2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
2010s	2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 (H1, H2) 2019 (H1, H2)
2020s	2020 2021 (H1, H2) 2022 (H1, H2) 2023 (H1, H2) 2024 (H1, H2) 2025 (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4) 2026 (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4) 2027 2028 2029
2030s

Orbital launches

[edit]


Date and time (UTC)	Rocket		Flight number	Launch site		LSP
		Payload (⚀ = CubeSat)	Operator	Orbit	Function	Decay (UTC)	Outcome
		Remarks
January [edit]
12 January 09:27	👁 United States Space Shuttle Atlantis		👁 United States Kennedy LC-39B		👁 United States United Space Alliance
	👁 United States STS-81	NASA	Low Earth (Mir)	Shuttle-Mir flight	22 January 14:23	Successful
	👁 United States SpaceHab LDM	NASA/SpaceHab	Low Earth (Atlantis)	Logistics	22 January 14:23	Successful
	Crewed orbital flight with six astronauts
	17 January 16:28	👁 United States Delta II 7925-9.5		👁 United States Cape Canaveral LC-17A		👁 United States Boeing IDS
👁 United States GPS IIR-1		US Air Force	Intended: Medium Earth	Navigation	+12 seconds	Launch Failure
SRB structural failure caused rocket to explode; First flight of GPS Block IIR satellite
30 January 22:04		👁 France Ariane 4 (44L)		👁 France Kourou ELA-2		👁 France Arianespace
		👁 United States GE 2	GE Americom	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
	👁 Argentina Nahuel 1A	Nahuelsa	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
	February [edit]
10 February 14:09	👁 Russia Soyuz-U		👁 Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 1/5		👁 Russia Roskosmos
	👁 Russia Soyuz TM-25	Roskosmos	Low Earth (Mir)	Mir EO-23	14 August 12:17	Successful
	Crewed orbital flight with three cosmonauts
	11 February 08:55	👁 United States Space Shuttle Discovery		👁 United States Kennedy LC-39A		👁 United States United Space Alliance
👁 United States STS-82		NASA	Low Earth (HST)	Hubble Servicing Mission 2	21 February 08:32	Successful
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts
12 February 04:50		👁 Japan M-V		👁 Japan Uchinoura		👁 Japan ISAS
		👁 Japan HALCA (MUSES-B)	ISAS	Medium Earth	Astronomy	In orbit	Successful
	Maiden flight of M-V; Mission concluded in November 2005
	14 February 03:47	👁 Ukraine Tsyklon-3		👁 Russia Plesetsk Site 32		👁 Russia
👁 Russia Gonets-D1		Gonets SatCom	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
👁 Russia Gonets-D1		Gonets SatCom	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
👁 Russia Gonets-D1		Gonets SatCom	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
👁 Russia Kosmos 2337 (Strela-3)		MO RF	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
👁 Russia Kosmos 2338 (Strela-3)		MO RF	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
👁 Russia Kosmos 2339 (Strela-3)		MO RF	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
17 February 01:42		👁 United States Atlas IIAS		👁 United States Cape Canaveral LC-36B		👁 United States 👁 Russia International Launch Services
	👁 Japan JCSAT-4	JSAT	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
	23 February 20:20	👁 United States Titan IVB (402)/IUS		👁 United States Cape Canaveral LC-40		👁 United States Lockheed Martin
👁 United States USA-130 (DSP F18)		US Air Force	Geosynchronous	Early warning	In orbit	Operational
Maiden flight of Titan IVB
March [edit]
1 March 01:07		👁 France Ariane 4 (44P)		👁 France Kourou ELA-2		👁 France Arianespace
		👁 United Nations Intelsat 801	Intelsat	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
	4 March 02:00	👁 Russia Start-1		👁 Russia Svobodniy Site 5		👁 Russia
👁 Russia Zeya		MO RF	Low Earth	Communications	25 October 1999	Successful
8 March 06:01		👁 United States Atlas IIA		👁 United States Cape Canaveral LC-36A		👁 United States 👁 Russia International Launch Services
	👁 United States Tempo 2	TCI	Current: Graveyard Operational: Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	Suffered damage from a solar flare in April 1997 and was retired on 15 August 2006.
	April [edit]
4 April 16:47	👁 United States Titan 23G		👁 United States Vandenberg SLC-4W		👁 United States Lockheed Martin
	👁 United States USA-131 (DMSP 5D2 F14)	US Air Force/NOAA	Sun-synchronous	Meteorology	In orbit	Successful
	4 April 19:20	👁 United States Space Shuttle Columbia		👁 United States Kennedy LC-39A		👁 United States United Space Alliance
👁 United States STS-83		NASA	Low Earth	Microgravity research	8 April 18:33	Partial Failure
👁 United States Spacelab Long Module 1		NASA	Low Earth (Columbia)	Spacelab MSL-1
👁 United States EDO Pallet		NASA	Low Earth (Columbia)	Cryogenic mission extension pallet
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts Fuel cell failure caused the flight to be aborted. Re-flown as STS-94 later the same year.
6 April 16:04		👁 Russia Soyuz-U		👁 Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 1/5		👁 Russia Roskosmos
		👁 Russia Progress M-34	Roskosmos	Low Earth (Mir)	Logistics	2 July 06:31	Spacecraft failure
	Collided with Mir during rendezvous tests on 25 June, heavily damaging the station and permanently depressurizing the Spektr module.
	9 April 08:58	👁 Russia Molniya-M		👁 Russia Plesetsk Site 16/2		👁 Russia
👁 Russia Kosmos 2340 (Oko)		MO RF	Molniya	Early warning	In orbit	Operational
16 April 23:08		👁 France Ariane 4 (44LP)		👁 France Kourou ELA-2		👁 France Arianespace
	👁 Thailand Thaicom 3	Thaicom	Geosynchronous	Communications	2 October 2006	Successful
	👁 Japan BSAT-1A	BSAT	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
	Thaicom 3 deorbited after suffering severe power degradation.^[2]
	17 April 13:03	👁 Russia Kosmos-3M		👁 Russia Plesetsk Site 132/1		👁 Russia
👁 Russia Kosmos 2341 (Parus)		MO RF	Low Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Operational
21 April 11:59		👁 United States Pegasus-XL		👁 Spain Stargazer, Gando		👁 United States Orbital Sciences
	👁 Spain Minisat-01	INTA	Low Earth	Technology development	26 February 2002	Successful
	👁 United States Celestis Founders	Celestis	Low Earth	Space burial	20 May 2002	Successful
	25 April 05:49	👁 United States Atlas I		👁 United States Cape Canaveral LC-36B		👁 United States 👁 Russia International Launch Services
👁 United States GOES 10 (GOES-K)		NOAA	Geosynchronous Graveyard (after retirement)	Meteorology	In orbit	Successful
Final flight of Atlas I, satellite retired and boosted to graveyard orbit on 1 December 2009.^[3]
May [edit]
5 May 14:55		👁 United States Delta II (7920-10C)		👁 United States Vandenberg SLC-2W		👁 United States Boeing IDS
		👁 United States Iridium 8	Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	24 November 2017^[4]	Successful
	👁 United States Iridium 7	Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
	👁 United States Iridium 6	Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	23 December 2017^[5]	Successful
	👁 United States Iridium 5	Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
	👁 United States Iridium 4	Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
	11 May 16:17	👁 China Long March 3A		👁 China Xichang LC-2		👁 China
👁 China Zhongxing-6 (Chinasat-6)		Chinasat	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
14 May 00:33		👁 Russia Molniya-M		👁 Russia Plesetsk Site 43/4		👁 Russia
	👁 Russia Kosmos 2342 (Oko)	MO RF	Molniya	Early warning	In orbit	Operational
	15 May 08:07	👁 United States Space Shuttle Atlantis		👁 United States Kennedy LC-39A		👁 United States United Space Alliance
👁 United States STS-84		NASA	Low Earth (Mir)	Shuttle-Mir flight	24 May 13:27	Successful
👁 United States SpaceHab LDM		NASA/SpaceHab	Low Earth (Atlantis)	Logistics	24 May 13:27	Successful
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts
15 May 12:10		👁 Russia Soyuz-U		👁 Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 31/6		👁 Russia
		👁 Russia Kosmos 2343	MO RF	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	18 September	Successful
	20 May 07:07	👁 Ukraine Zenit-2		👁 Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 45/1		👁 Russia
👁 Russia Tselina-2		VKS	Intended: Low Earth	ELINT	+ 48 seconds	Launch Failure
Stage 1 engine failure
20 May 22:39		👁 United States Delta II 7925-9.5		👁 United States Cape Canaveral LC-17A		👁 United States Boeing IDS
		👁 Norway Thor-2	Telenor	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
	24 May 17:00	👁 Russia Proton-K/DM-2M		👁 Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 81/23		👁 United States 👁 Russia International Launch Services
👁 United States Telstar 5		Loral Skynet	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
June [edit]
3 June 23:20		👁 France Ariane 4 (44L)		👁 France Kourou ELA-2		👁 France Arianespace
	👁 United Kingdom Inmarsat 3F4	Inmarsat	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
	👁 India INSAT 2D	ISRO	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Spacecraft Failure
	Insat 2D declared a total loss on 4 October 1997.
	6 June 16:56	👁 Russia Proton-K/DM-5		👁 Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 200/39		👁 Russia
👁 Russia Kosmos 2344 (Araks-N)		MO RF	Medium Earth	Reconnaissance	In orbit	Operational
10 June 12:01		👁 China Long March 3		👁 China Xichang LC-1		👁 China
	👁 China Feng Yun 2A	CASC	Geosynchronous	Meteorology	In orbit	Spacecraft Failure
	Halted transmitting data in April 1998, resumed transmission but imaging system failed later that year in September.
	18 June 14:02	👁 Russia Proton-K/DM2		👁 Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 81/23		👁 Russia
👁 United States Iridium 14		Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Spacecraft Failure
👁 United States Iridium 12		Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	2 September 2018^[6]	Successful
👁 United States Iridium 9		Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	11 March 2003	Spacecraft Failure
👁 United States Iridium 10		Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	6 October 2018^[7]	Successful
👁 United States Iridium 13		Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	29 April 2018^[8]	Successful
👁 United States Iridium 16		Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
👁 United States Iridium 11		Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Spacecraft Failure
25 June 23:44		👁 France Ariane 4 (44P)		👁 France Kourou ELA-2		👁 France Arianespace
	👁 United Nations Intelsat 802	Intelsat	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
	July [edit]
1 July 18:02	👁 United States Space Shuttle Columbia		👁 United States Kennedy LC-39A		👁 United States United Space Alliance
	👁 United States STS-94	NASA	Low Earth	Microgravity research	17 July 10:40	Successful
	👁 United States Spacelab Long Module 1	NASA	Low Earth (Columbia)	Spacelab MSL-1
	👁 United States EDO Pallet	NASA	Low Earth (Columbia)	Cryogenic mission extension pallet
	Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts, reflight of STS-83 Final flight of Spacelab Long Module 1
	5 July 04:11	👁 Russia Soyuz-U		👁 Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 1/5		👁 Russia Roskosmos
👁 Russia Progress M-35		Roskosmos	Low Earth (Mir)	Logistics	7 October 17:23	Successful
9 July 13:04		👁 United States Delta II 7920-10C		👁 United States Vandenberg SLC-2W		👁 United States Boeing IDS
	👁 United States Iridium 15	Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	14 October 2018^[9]	Successful
	👁 United States Iridium 17	Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
	👁 United States Iridium 20	Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Spacecraft Failure
	👁 United States Iridium 18	Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	19 August 2018^[10]	Successful
	👁 United States Iridium 21	Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Spacecraft Failure
	23 July 03:42	👁 United States Delta II 7925-9.5		👁 United States Cape Canaveral LC-17A		👁 United States Boeing IDS
👁 United States USA-132 (GPS IIR-2)		US Air Force	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Operational
28 July 01:15		👁 United States Atlas IIAS		👁 United States Cape Canaveral LC-36B		👁 United States 👁 Russia International Launch Services
	👁 Japan Superbird C	SCC	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
	August [edit]
1 August 20:20	👁 United States Pegasus-XL		👁 United States Stargazer, Vandenberg		👁 United States Orbital Sciences
	👁 United States Orbview-2	GeoEye	Low Earth	Earth imaging	In orbit	Operational
	5 August 15:35	👁 Russia Soyuz-U		👁 Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 1/5		👁 Russia Roskosmos
👁 Russia Soyuz TM-26		Roskosmos	Low Earth (Mir)	Mir EO-24	19 February 1998 09:10	Successful
Crewed orbital flight with two cosmonauts
7 August 14:41		👁 United States Space Shuttle Discovery		👁 United States Kennedy LC-39A		👁 United States United Space Alliance
		👁 United States STS-85	NASA	Low Earth	Space sciences	19 August 11:08	Successful
	👁 Germany 👁 United States CRISTA-SPAS-2	DLR/NASA	Low Earth	Atmospheric research
	👁 Japan MFD	NASDA	Low Earth (Discovery)	Dextrous RMS demonstration
	Crewed orbital flight with six astronauts CRISTA-SPAS deployed 7 August and retrieved 16 August
	8 August 06:46	👁 France Ariane 4 (44LP)		👁 France Kourou ELA-2		👁 France Arianespace
👁 United States PAS 6		PanAmSat	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Spacecraft Failure
Spacecraft failure occurred in April 2004
14 August 20:49		👁 Russia Proton-K/DM-2		👁 Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 200/39		👁 Russia
		👁 Russia Kosmos 2345 (Prognoz)	MO RF	Geosynchronous	Early warning	In orbit	Successful
	Retired on 1 January 1999
	19 August 17:50	👁 China Long March 3B		👁 China Xichang LC-2		👁 China
👁 Philippines Agila 2		MPSC	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
21 August 00:38		👁 United States Delta II 7920-10C		👁 United States Vandenberg SLC-2W		👁 United States Boeing IDS
	👁 United States Iridium 26	Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
	👁 United States Iridium 25	Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	14 May 2018^[11]	Successful
	👁 United States Iridium 24	Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	11 May 2019^[12]	Spacecraft Failure
	👁 United States Iridium 23	Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	28 March 2018^[13]	Successful
	👁 United States Iridium 22	Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
	23 August 06:51	👁 United States LMLV-1 (Athena I)		👁 United States Vandenberg SLC-6		👁 United States Lockheed Martin
👁 United States Lewis		NASA	Low Earth	Earth observation	29 September	Spacecraft failure
Control lost within three days of launch due to RCS design flaw.^[14]
25 August 14:39		👁 United States Delta II 7920-8		👁 United States Cape Canaveral LC-17A		👁 United States Boeing IDS
		👁 United States ACE	NASA	Earth/Sun L₁ point	Magnetospheric research	In orbit	Operational
	28 August 00:33	👁 Russia Proton-K/DM-2M		👁 Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 81/23		👁 United States 👁 Russia International Launch Services
👁 United States PAS 5		PanAmSat	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
29 August 15:02		👁 United States Pegasus-XL		👁 United States Stargazer, Vandenberg		👁 United States Orbital Sciences
	👁 United States FORTE	US Air Force	Low Earth	Ionosphere research	In orbit	Operational
	September [edit]
1 September 14:00	👁 China Long March 2C		👁 China Taiyuan LC-1		👁 China CASC
	👁 United States Iridium MFS-1	Iridium	Low Earth	Boilerplate spacecraft	In orbit	Successful
	👁 United States Iridium MFS-2	Iridium	Low Earth	Boilerplate spacecraft	In orbit	Successful
	2 September 22:21	👁 France Ariane 4 (44LP)		👁 France Kourou ELA-2		👁 France Arianespace
👁 France Hot Bird 3		Eutelsat	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
👁 Image Meteosat 7		Eumetsat	Geosynchronous	Meteorology	In orbit	Operational
4 September 12:03		👁 United States Atlas IIAS		👁 United States Cape Canaveral LC-36A		👁 United States 👁 Russia International Launch Services
	👁 United States GE 3	GE Americom	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
	14 September 01:36	👁 Russia Proton-K/17S40		👁 Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 81/23		👁 Russia
👁 United States Iridium 29		Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
👁 United States Iridium 32		Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	10 March 2019^[16]	Successful
👁 United States Iridium 33		Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	10 February 2009	Partial Failure
👁 United States Iridium 27		Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	1 February 2002	Spacecraft Failure
👁 United States Iridium 28		Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
👁 United States Iridium 30		Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	28 September 2017^[17]	Successful
👁 United States Iridium 31		Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	20 December 2018^[18]	Successful
Iridium 33 destroyed in collision with Kosmos 2251^[15]
23 September 16:44		👁 Russia Kosmos-3M		👁 Russia Plesetsk Site 132/1		👁 Russia
		👁 Russia Kosmos 2346 (Parus)	MO RF	Low Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Operational
	👁 United States FAISAT-2V	FAI	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
	23 September 23:58	👁 France Ariane 4 (42L)		👁 France Kourou ELA-2		👁 France Arianespace
👁 United Nations Intelsat 803		Intelsat	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
24 September 21:30		👁 Russia Molniya-M		👁 Russia Plesetsk Site 43/4		👁 Russia
	👁 Russia Molniya-1T	MO RF	Molniya	Communications	In orbit	Operational
	26 September 02:34	👁 United States Space Shuttle Atlantis		👁 United States Kennedy LC-39A		👁 United States United Space Alliance
👁 United States STS-86		NASA	Low Earth (Mir)	Shuttle-Mir flight	6 October 21:55	Successful
👁 United States SpaceHab LDM		NASA/SpaceHab	Low Earth (Atlantis)	Logistics	6 October 21:55	Successful
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts
27 September 01:23		👁 United States Delta II 7920-10C		👁 United States Vandenberg SLC-2W		👁 United States Boeing IDS
		👁 United States Iridium 19	Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	7 April 2018^[19]	Successful
	👁 United States Iridium 37	Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	26 May 2018^[20]	Successful
	👁 United States Iridium 36	Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
	👁 United States Iridium 35	Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	26 December 2018^[21]	Successful
	👁 United States Iridium 34	Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	8 January 2018^[22]	Successful
	29 September 04:47	👁 India PSLV		👁 India Sriharikota FLP		👁 India ISRO
👁 India IRS-1D		ISRO	Sun-synchronous	Remote sensing	In orbit	Operational
October [edit]
5 October 15:08		👁 Russia Soyuz-U		👁 Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 1/5		👁 Russia Roskosmos
	👁 Russia Progress M-36	Roskosmos	Low Earth (Mir)	Logistics	19 December 13:20	Successful
	👁 Russia Sputnik-40	Roskosmos	Low Earth	Amateur communications	21 May 1998	Successful
	👁 Germany X-Mir	DASA	Low Earth (Mir)	Inspect Mir	2 October 1998	Successful
	5 October 21:01	👁 United States Atlas IIAS		👁 United States Cape Canaveral LC-36B		👁 United States 👁 Russia International Launch Services
👁 United States Echostar 3		EchoStar	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
9 October 17:59		👁 Russia Soyuz-U		👁 Russia Plesetsk Site 43/3		👁 Russia
	👁 Russia Foton 11	Roskosmos	Low Earth	Microgravity research	23 October	Successful
	15 October 08:43	👁 United States Titan IVB (401)/Centaur		👁 United States Cape Canaveral LC-40		👁 United States Lockheed Martin
👁 United States Cassini		NASA	Kronocentric Orbit	Saturn orbiter	15 September 2017 10:31	Successful
👁 United States 👁 Image Huygens		NASA/ESA	Kronocentric Orbit	Titan lander	14 January 2005 12:43	Successful
Cassini is the first spacecraft to orbit Saturn and Huygens is the first spacecraft to land on Titan. Huygens released from Cassini on 25 December 2004.
16 October 19:13		👁 China Long March 3B		👁 China Xichang LC-2		👁 China
		👁 China Apstar 2R	APT	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
	22 October 13:13	👁 United States Pegasus-XL		👁 United States Stargazer, Wallops Island		👁 United States Orbital Sciences
👁 United States STEP-4		US Air Force	Low Earth	31 March 2001	Successful
24 October 02:32		👁 United States Titan IVA (403)		👁 United States Vandenberg SLC-4E		👁 United States Lockheed Martin
	👁 United States USA-133 (Lacrosse 3)	NRO	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	In orbit	Operational
	25 October 00:46	👁 United States Atlas IIA		👁 United States Cape Canaveral LC-36A		👁 United States
👁 United States USA-135 (DSCS III F13)		US Air Force	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
👁 United States FalconSat Gold		USAFA	Geosynchronous transfer	Technology demonstration	27 September 1998	Successful
30 October 13:43		👁 France Ariane 5G		👁 France Kourou ELA-3		👁 France Arianespace
	👁 Image MAQSAT-H	ESA	Geosynchronous transfer	Boilerplate	In orbit	Successful
	👁 Image MAQSAT-B	ESA	Geosynchronous transfer	Boilerplate	In orbit	Successful
	👁 Image TEAMSAT	ESTEC	Geosynchronous transfer	Technology development	In orbit	Operational
	👁 Image YES	ESTEC	Geosynchronous transfer	Technolovy development	In orbit	Operational
	November [edit]
2 November 12:25	👁 Brazil VLS-1		V01	👁 Brazil Alcântara		👁 Brazil INPE
	👁 Brazil SCD-2A	INPE	Intended: Low Earth	Weather satellite	2 November	Launch Failure
	Maiden flight of VLS-1; First Brazilian orbital launch attempt
	6 November 00:30	👁 United States Delta II 7925-9.5		👁 United States Cape Canaveral LC-17A		👁 United States Boeing IDS
👁 United States USA-134 (GPS IIA-19)		US Air Force	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Operational
8 November 02:05		👁 United States Titan IVA (401)/Centaur		👁 United States Cape Canaveral LC-41		👁 United States Lockheed Martin
	👁 United States USA-136 (Trumpet 3)	NRO	Molniya	SIGINT	In orbit	Operational
	NRO Launch 4
	9 November 01:34	👁 United States Delta II 7920-10C		👁 United States Vandenberg SLC-2W		👁 United States Boeing IDS
👁 United States Iridium 43		Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	11 February 2018^[23]	Successful
👁 United States Iridium 41		Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	28 July 2018^[24]	Successful
👁 United States Iridium 40		Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	23 September 2018^[25]	Successful
👁 United States Iridium 39		Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
👁 United States Iridium 38		Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
12 November 17:00		👁 Russia Proton-K/DM-2M		👁 Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 200/39		👁 Russia
	👁 Russia Kupon	RFCB	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Spacecraft Failure
	Onboard computer failed
	12 November 21:48	👁 France Ariane 4 (44L)		👁 France Kourou ELA-2		👁 France Arianespace
👁 Sweden Sirius 2		NSAB	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Spacecraft Failure
👁 Indonesia IndoStar-1		Indostar	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
Astra 5A (Sirius 2) failed on 16 January 2009
18 November 11:14		👁 Russia Soyuz-U		👁 Russia Plesetsk		👁 Russia
		👁 Russia Resurs F-1M	Roskosmos	Low Earth	Remote sensing	13 December	Successful
	19 November 19:46	👁 United States Space Shuttle Columbia		👁 United States Kennedy LC-39B		👁 United States United Space Alliance
👁 United States STS-87		NASA	Low Earth	Microgravity experiments	5 December 12:20	Successful
👁 United States SPARTAN-201		NASA	Low Earth	Microgravity research		Failure
👁 United States EDO Pallet		NASA	Low Earth (Columbia)	Cryogenic mission extension pallet		Successful
Crewed orbital flight with six astronauts Spartan failed to orient itself due to human error during deployment on 21 November; was retrieved on 25 November.
27 November 21:27		👁 Japan H-II		👁 Japan Tanegashima LA-Y1		👁 Japan
		👁 United States TRMM	NASA	Low Earth	Environmental research	16 June 2015 06:55^[27]	Successful
	👁 Japan Hikoboshi (ETS-7)	NASDA	Low Earth	Docking test	13 November 2015^[28]	Successful
	👁 Japan Orihime (ETS-7)	NASDA	Low Earth	Docking test	13 November 2015^[28]	Successful
	The two ETS satellites docked on 7 July 1998^[26]
	December [edit]
2 December 22:52	👁 France Ariane 4 (44P)		👁 France Kourou ELA-2		👁 France Arianespace
	👁 Japan JCSAT 5	JSAT	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
	👁 Germany Equator-S	DLR	Geosynchronous transfer	Magnetospheric research	In orbit	Operational
	12 November 17:00	👁 Russia Proton-K/DM-2M		👁 Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 81/23		👁 United States 👁 Russia International Launch Services
👁 Luxembourg Astra 1G		SES	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
8 December 07:16		👁 China Long March 2C		👁 China Taiyuan LC-1		👁 China CASC
	👁 United States Iridium 42	Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
	👁 United States Iridium 44	Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Spacecraft Failure
	8 December 23:52	👁 United States Atlas IIAS		👁 United States Cape Canaveral LC-36B		👁 United States 👁 Russia International Launch Services
👁 United States Galaxy 8i		PanAmSat	Current: Graveyard Operational: Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
Retired in October 2002
9 December 07:17		👁 Ukraine Tsyklon-2		👁 Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 90/20		👁 Russia
		👁 Russia Kosmos 2347 (EORSAT	MO RF	Low Earth	SIGINT	11 December 1999	Successful
	15 December 15:40	👁 Russia Soyuz-U		👁 Russia Plesetsk		👁 Russia
👁 Russia Kosmos 2348 (Yantar)		MO RF	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	14 April 1998	Successful
20 December 08:45		👁 Russia Soyuz-U		👁 Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 1/5		👁 Russia Roskosmos
	👁 Russia Progress M-37	Roskosmos	Low Earth (Mir)	Logistics	15 March 1998 23:04	Successful
	20 December 13:16	👁 United States Delta II 7920-10C		👁 United States Vandenberg SLC-2W		👁 United States Boeing IDS
👁 United States Iridium 45		Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
👁 United States Iridium 46		Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
👁 United States Iridium 47		Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	1 September 2018^[29]	Successful
👁 United States Iridium 48		Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	5 May 2001	Spacecraft Failure
👁 United States Iridium 49		Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	13 February 2018^[30]	Successful
22 December 00:16		👁 France Ariane 4 (42L)		👁 France Kourou ELA-2		👁 France Arianespace
	👁 United Nations Intelsat 804	Intelsat	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
	23 December 19:11	👁 United States Pegasus-XL/HAPS		👁 United States Stargazer, Wallops Island		👁 United States Orbital Sciences
👁 United States Orbcomm A1		Orbcomm	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
👁 United States Orbcomm A2		Orbcomm	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
👁 United States Orbcomm A3		Orbcomm	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
👁 United States Orbcomm A4		Orbcomm	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
👁 United States Orbcomm A5		Orbcomm	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
👁 United States Orbcomm A6		Orbcomm	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
👁 United States Orbcomm A7		Orbcomm	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
👁 United States Orbcomm A8		Orbcomm	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
24 December 13:32		👁 Russia Start-1		👁 Russia Svobodniy Site 5		👁 Russia
	👁 United States Early Bird 1	EarthWatch	Low Earth	Earth observation	27 July 2000	Successful
	24 December 23:19	👁 Russia Proton-K/DM-2M		👁 Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 81/23		👁 United States 👁 Russia International Launch Services
👁 China AsiaSat 3		AsiaSat	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Partial Launch Failure
Upper stage failure; Performed lunar flyby to reduce orbital inclination and reach operational position.

Suborbital launches

[edit]


Date and time (UTC)	Rocket		Flight number	Launch site		LSP
		Payload (⚀ = CubeSat)	Operator	Orbit	Function	Decay (UTC)	Outcome
		Remarks
January [edit]
15 January	👁 Russia R-29		👁 Russia Submarine, Barents Sea		👁 Russia Russian Navy
	Russian Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	15 January	Successful
	17 January 01:17	👁 United States LGM-30F Minuteman II		👁 United States Vandenberg LF-03		👁 United States US Air Force
👁 United States IFT-1 (EKV)		US Air Force	Suborbital	ABM target	17 January	Successful
29 January		👁 United States Storm-2		👁 United States White Sands LC-32		👁 United States Orbital Sciences
	👁 United States MTTV	US Air Force	Suborbital	Target spacecraft	29 January	Failure
	👁 United States MTD-2	US Air Force	Suborbital	Weapons test	29 January	Failure
	30 January	👁 United States SR19		👁 United States C-130, NAS Point Mugu		👁 United States US Air Force
👁 United States AltAir (Have Gold)		US Air Force	Suborbital	Test flight	+28 seconds	Launch Failure
Accidentally destroyed by range safety
30 January 07:30		👁 Japan S-520		👁 Japan Uchinoura Pad K		👁 Japan ISAS
		ISAS	Suborbital	Technology development	30 January	Successful
	30 January 08:42	👁 United States LGM-30G Minuteman III		👁 United States Vandenberg LF-26		👁 United States US Air Force
👁 United States FOT GT163GB		US Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	30 January	Successful
31 January 01:55		👁 Russia MR-12		👁 Russia Kapustin Yar		👁 Russia AN RF
	👁 United States Flaksus-1	APL	Suborbital	Plasma research	31 January	Successful
	February [edit]
5 February 02:16	👁 Russia MR-12		👁 Russia Kapustin Yar		👁 Russia AN RF
	👁 United States Flaksus-2	APL	Suborbital	Plasma research	5 February	Successful
	7 February	👁 Russia R-17 Scud		👁 Marshall Islands Bigen Island, Aur Atoll		👁 United States US Air Force
👁 United States Willow Dune		US Air Force	Suborbital	Target	7 February	Successful
10 February 05:17		👁 Canada Black Brant XII		👁 United States Poker Flat		👁 United States NASA
	👁 United States PHAZE 2	NASA	Suborbital	Ionosphere research	10 February	Successful
	10 February 06:30	👁 United States Castor-Orbus		👁 United States Nevada Test Site LA-26		👁 United States Sandia
Sandia		Suborbital	Rocket test	10 February	Successful
11 February 08:36		👁 Canada Black Brant XII		👁 United States Poker Flat		👁 United States NASA
	👁 United States Auroral Turbulance 2	NASA	Suborbital	Auroral/Ionosphere research	11 February	Successful
	12 February 21:00	👁 United States LCLV		👁 United States Wallops Island		👁 United States Orbital Sciences
👁 United States MDT IV		Suborbital	Target	12 February	Successful
20 February		👁 United States UGM-96 Trident I		👁 United States Submarine, Eastern Range		👁 United States US Navy
	US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	20 February	Successful
	20 February	👁 United States UGM-96 Trident I		👁 United States Submarine, Eastern Range		👁 United States US Navy
US Navy		Suborbital	Missile test	20 February	Successful
20 February		👁 United States UGM-96 Trident I		👁 United States Submarine, Eastern Range		👁 United States US Navy
	US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	20 February	Successful
	20 February	👁 United States UGM-96 Trident I		👁 United States Submarine, Eastern Range		👁 United States US Navy
US Navy		Suborbital	Missile test	20 February	Successful
22 February		👁 United States Castor 4B		👁 United States Wake Island		👁 United States Orbital Sciences
	👁 United States TCMP II	Suborbital	Re-entry vehicle test	22 February	Successful
	23 February	👁 India Prithvi		👁 India Balasore		👁 India DRDO
DRDO		Suborbital	Missile test	23 February	Successful
23 February 10:06		👁 United States LCLV		👁 United States Wallops Island		👁 United States Orbital Sciences
	👁 United States MDT III	Suborbital	Target	23 February	Successful
	26 February 20:00	👁 Canada Black Brant IX		👁 United States White Sands		👁 United States NASA
NASA		Suborbital	Rocket test	26 February	Successful
March [edit]
1 March		👁 United States Castor 4B		👁 United States Wake Island		👁 United States OrbitalSciences
	👁 United States TCMP II	Suborbital	Re-entry vehicle test	1 March	Successful
	6 March	👁 United States Hera		👁 United States White Sands LC-94		👁 United States US Air Force
US Air Force		Suborbital	ABM Target	6 March	Successful
6 March		👁 United States THAAD		👁 United States White Sands		👁 United States US Air Force
	US Air Force	Suborbital	ABM Interceptor	6 March	Successful
	13 March 10:20	👁 Canada Black Brant IX		👁 United States Poker Flat		👁 United States NASA
NASA		Suborbital	Ionosphere research	13 March	Successful
18 March 00:16		👁 United States UGM-133 Trident II		👁 United States Submarine, Eastern Range		👁 United States US Navy
	US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	18 March	Successful
	18 March	👁 United States UGM-133 Trident II		👁 United States Submarine, Eastern Range		👁 United States US Navy
US Navy		Suborbital	Missile test	18 March	Successful
19 March		👁 Russia R-17 Scud		👁 Marshall Islands Bigen Island, Aur Atoll		👁 United States US Air Force
	👁 United States Willow Dune	US Air Force	Suborbital	Target	19 March	Successful
	25 March 03:15	👁 Canada Black Brant IX		👁 United States White Sands LC-36		👁 United States NASA
NASA		Suborbital	Ultraviolet astronomy	25 March	Successful
Studied Hale-Bopp comet
30 March 03:25		👁 Canada Black Brant IX		👁 United States White Sands LC-36		👁 United States NASA
		👁 United States EUVS	NASA	Suborbital	Ultraviolet astronomy	30 March	Successful
	April [edit]
6 April 03:25	👁 Canada Black Brant IX		👁 United States White Sands LC-36		👁 United States NASA
	NASA	Suborbital	6 April	Successful
	8 April 03:55	👁 Canada Black Brant IX		👁 United States White Sands LC-36		👁 United States NASA
👁 United States WISP		NASA	Suborbital	Ultraviolet astronomy	8 April	Successful
17 April		👁 Ukraine R-36M		👁 Kazakhstan Baikonur		👁 Russia RVSN
	RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	17 April	Successful
	28 April 16:42	👁 Brazil VS-30		👁 Brazil Alcântara		👁 Brazil INPE
👁 Germany AL-VS30-223		DLR	Suborbital	Test rocket	28 April	Successful
30 April		👁 India RH-560/300 Mk.II		👁 India Sriharikota		👁 India ISRO
	ISRO	Suborbital	Test rocket	30 April	Successful
	May [edit]
2 May 07:30	👁 Canada Black Brant IX		👁 United States White Sands LC-36		👁 United States NASA
	NASA	Suborbital	X-ray Astronomy	2 May	Successful
	8 May 07:10	👁 Canada Black Brant IX		👁 United States White Sands LC-36		👁 United States NASA
NASA		Suborbital	Astronomy	8 May	Successful
8 May 08:01		👁 United States LGM-118 Peacekeeper		👁 United States Vandenberg LF-05		👁 United States US Air Force
	👁 United States 9 re-entry vehicles	US Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	8 May	Successful
	15 May 19:16	👁 Canada Black Brant IX		👁 United States White Sands LC-36		👁 United States NASA
👁 United States NCAR/CU-6		NASA	Suborbital	Ultraviolet astronomy/Solar observation	15 May	Successful
21 May 08:27		👁 United States LGM-30G Minuteman III		👁 United States Vandenberg LF-04		👁 United States US Air Force
	👁 United States FOT GT164GM/SHARP	US Air Force	Suborbital	Missile and re-entry vehicle test	21 May	Successful
	23 May 21:44	👁 United States Terrier-Orion		👁 United States Wallops Island		👁 United States NASA
👁 United States MSX		SMDC	Suborbital	Target	23 May	Successful
29 May 04:56		👁 Canada Black Brant IX		👁 United States White Sands LC-36		👁 United States NASA
	NASA	Suborbital	Radio astronomy	29 May	Successful
	30 May	👁 United States UGM-133 Trident II		👁 United States Submarine, Eastern Range		👁 United States US Navy
US Navy		Suborbital	Missile test	30 May	Successful
June [edit]
10 June		👁 Russia UR-100NU		👁 Kazakhstan Baikonur		👁 Russia RVSN
	RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	10 June	Successful
	18 June 14:02	👁 United States LGM-30G Minuteman III		👁 United States Vandenberg LF-10		👁 United States US Air Force
👁 United States FOT GT165GM		US Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	18 June	Successful
24 June 03:39		👁 United States LGM-30F Minuteman II		👁 United States Vandenberg LF-03		👁 United States US Air Force
	👁 United States MSLS IFT-1A	US Air Force	Suborbital	ABM target	24 June	Partial Failure
	Some decoys failed to deploy
	24 June 04:00	👁 United States Payload Launch Vehicle		👁 Marshall Islands Meck Island, Kwajalein		👁 United States Orbital Sciences
👁 United States IFT-1A EKV		US Air Force	Suborbital	ABM Test	24 June	Partial Failure
Poor system performance; Non-destructive flyby
July [edit]
8 July 12:25		👁 Russia RT-2PM Topol		👁 Russia Plesetsk Site 158		👁 Russia RVSN
		RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	8 July	Successful
	9 July	👁 South Korea KSR-II		👁 South Korea Anhueng		👁 South Korea KARI
KARI		Suborbital	X-ray astronomy/Ionosphere research	9 July	Successful
23 July		👁 Russia R-29		👁 Russia Submarine, Barents Sea		👁 Russia Russian Navy
	Russian Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	23 July	Successful
	August [edit]
8 August 13:19	👁 United States Super Loki		👁 United States Wallops Island		👁 United States NASA
	NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy research	8 August	Successful
	8 August 13:24	👁 United States Terrier-Orion		👁 United States Wallops Island		👁 United States NASA
👁 United States COORS		NASA	Suborbital	Ionosphere/Aeronomy research	8 August	Failure
8 August 16:29		👁 Canada Black Brant VC		👁 United States White Sands		👁 United States NASA
	NASA	Suborbital	Ionosphere/Aeronomy research	8 August	Successful
	9 August 13:29	👁 United States Super Loki		👁 United States Wallops Island		👁 United States NASA
NASA		Suborbital	Aeronomy research	9 August	Successful
9 August 22:57		👁 United States Super Loki		👁 United States Wallops Island		👁 United States NASA
	NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy research	9 August	Successful
	10 August 13:36	👁 United States Viper		👁 United States Wallops Island		👁 United States NASA
NASA		Suborbital	Aeronomy research	10 August	Successful
10 August 21:30		👁 United States Super Loki		👁 United States Wallops Island		👁 United States NASA
	NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy research	10 August	Successful
	11 August 13:38	👁 United States Super Loki		👁 United States Wallops Island		👁 United States NASA
NASA		Suborbital	Aeronomy research	11 August	Successful
11 August 13:43		👁 United States Viper		👁 United States Wallops Island		👁 United States NASA
	NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy research	11 August	Successful
	11 August 18:18	👁 Canada Black Brant IX		👁 United States White Sands		👁 United States NASA
NASA		Suborbital	Ultraviolet astronomy	11 August	Successful
11 August 21:34		👁 United States Super Loki		👁 United States Wallops Island		👁 United States NASA
	NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy research	11 August	Successful
	12 August 12:10	👁 United States Super Loki		👁 United States Wallops Island		👁 United States NASA
NASA		Suborbital	Aeronomy research	12 August	Successful
12 August 12:15		👁 United States Viper		👁 United States Wallops Island		👁 United States NASA
	NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy research	12 August	Successful
	12 August 12:26	👁 United States Super Loki		👁 United States Wallops Island		👁 United States NASA
NASA		Suborbital	Aeronomy research	12 August	Successful
12 August 21:41		👁 United States Super Loki		👁 United States Wallops Island		👁 United States NASA
	NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy research	12 August	Successful
	13 August 13:50	👁 United States Super Loki		👁 United States Wallops Island		👁 United States NASA
NASA		Suborbital	Aeronomy research	13 August	Successful
13 August 13:55		👁 United States Super Loki		👁 United States Wallops Island		👁 United States NASA
	NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy research	13 August	Successful
	13 August 21:40	👁 United States Super Loki		👁 United States Wallops Island		👁 United States NASA
NASA		Suborbital	13 August	Successful
14 August 12:22		👁 United States Super Loki		👁 United States Wallops Island		👁 United States NASA
	NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy research	14 August	Successful
	14 August 12:27	👁 United States Viper		👁 United States Wallops Island		👁 United States NASA
NASA		Suborbital	Aeronomy research	14 August	Successful
14 August 21:53		👁 United States Viper		👁 United States Wallops Island		👁 United States NASA
	NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy research	14 August	Successful
	15 August 10:58	👁 United States Viper		👁 United States Wallops Island		👁 United States NASA
NASA		Suborbital	Aeronomy research	15 August	Successful
15 August 20:25		👁 United States Super Loki		👁 United States Wallops Island		👁 United States NASA
	NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy research	15 August	Successful
	September [edit]
2 September 07:00	👁 United States Terrier-Orion		Anna Plains		👁 United States NASA
	👁 United States DUNDEE 1	NASA	Suborbital	Target	2 September	Successful
	5 September 04:00	👁 United States Terrier-Orion		Anna Plains		👁 United States NASA
👁 United States DUNDEE 2		NASA	Suborbital	Target	5 September	Successful
10 September 02:00		👁 United States Terrier-Orion		Anna Plains		👁 United States NASA
	👁 United States DUNDEE 3	NASA	Suborbital	Target	10 September	Successful
	10 September 14:40	👁 Canada Black Brant IX		👁 United States White Sands		👁 United States NASA
NASA		Suborbital	Test rocket	10 September	Successful
10 September 15:10		👁 Canada Black Brant IX		👁 United States White Sands		👁 United States NASA
	NASA	Suborbital	Microgravity research	10 September	Successful
	11 September 20:15	👁 United States Terrier-Orion		Anna Plains		👁 United States NASA
👁 United States DUNDEE 4		NASA	Suborbital	Target	11 September	Successful
17 September 08:01		👁 United States LGM-118 Peacekeeper		👁 United States Vandenberg LF-05		👁 United States US Air Force
	👁 United States 7 re-entry vehicles	US Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	17 September	Successful
	19 September 13:00	👁 Canada Black Brant IX		👁 United States White Sands		👁 United States NASA
NASA		Suborbital	Ionosphere research	19 September	Successful
24 September		👁 United States Storm-2		👁 United States White Sands LC-32		👁 United States US Air Force
	👁 United States MTTV-4	US Air Force	Suborbital	Target	24 September	Successful
	25 September 00:30	👁 Japan TR-1		👁 Japan Tanegashima LA-T		NASDA
NASDA		Suborbital	Microgravity research	25 September	Successful
30 September 20:10		👁 Canada Black Brant IX		👁 United States White Sands LC-36		👁 United States NASA
	👁 United States HRTS 10	NASA	Suborbital	Solar research	30 September	Successful
	October [edit]
3 October 07:07	👁 Russia RT-2PM Topol		👁 Russia Plesetsk Site 158		👁 Russia RVSN
	RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	3 October	Successful
	4 October 18:30	👁 United States Castor-Orbus		👁 United States Nevada Test Site LA-26		👁 United States Sandia
Sandia		Suborbital	Test rocket	4 October	Failure
10 October		👁 United States UGM-133 Trident II		👁 United Kingdom Submarine, Eastern Range		👁 United Kingdom Royal Navy
	Royal Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	10 October	Successful
	10 October	👁 United States UGM-133 Trident II		👁 United Kingdom Submarine, Eastern Range		👁 United Kingdom Royal Navy
Royal Navy		Suborbital	Missile test	10 October	Successful
12 October 16:42		👁 Brazil VS-30		👁 Norway Andøya		👁 Brazil INPE
	👁 Germany AL-VS30-226	DLR	Suborbital	Aeronomy research	12 October	Successful
	16 October 19:00	👁 Canada Black Brant IX		👁 United States White Sands		👁 United States NASA
NASA		Suborbital	Solar research	16 October	Successful
November [edit]
5 November 20:02		👁 United States Terrier-Orion		👁 Norway Andøya		👁 United States NASA
	👁 United States Combined Sodium and Sporadic Layers	NASA	Suborbital	Ionosphere research	5 November	Successful
	5 November 21:01	👁 United States LGM-118 Peacekeeper		👁 United States Vandenberg LF-02		👁 United States US Air Force
👁 United States 8 re-entry vehicles		US Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	5 November	Successful
14 November 05:00		👁 Canada Black Brant IX		👁 United States White Sands		👁 United States NASA
	👁 United States SCARI	NASA	Suborbital	Ultraviolet astronomy	14 November	Successful
	17 November	👁 United States Hera		👁 United States Fort Wingate LC-96		👁 United States US Air Force
👁 United States MTV		US Air Force	Suborbital	ABM Target	17 November	Failure
18 November 19:35		👁 Canada Black Brant IX		👁 United States White Sands LC-36		👁 United States NASA
	👁 United States SERTS-97	NASA	Suborbital	Solar observation	18 November	Successful
	19 November	👁 Russia RT-23		👁 Russia Nenoksa		👁 Russia RVSN
Russian Navy		Suborbital	Test rocket	19 November	Failure
December [edit]
2 December 08:42		👁 Canada Black Brant IX		👁 Norway SvalRak		👁 United States NASA
	NASA	Suborbital	Plasma research	2 December	Successful
	3 December 09:06	👁 Canada Black Brant IX		👁 Norway SvalRak		👁 United States NASA
NASA		Suborbital	Plasma research	3 December	Successful
18 December		👁 United States UGM-133 Trident II		👁 United States Submarine, Eastern Range		👁 United States US Navy
	US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	18 December	Successful

Deep-space rendezvous

[edit]

Date (GMT)	Spacecraft	Event	Remarks
20 February	Galileo	2nd flyby of Europa
5 April	Galileo	3rd flyby of Ganymede
7 May	Galileo	4th flyby of Ganymede
25 June	Galileo	2nd flyby of Callisto
27 June	NEAR	Flyby of 253 Mathilde	Closest approach: 1,200 kilometres (750 mi)
4 July	Mars Pathfinder	Landed on Mars	Location: Ares Vallis; first Mars rover and rover on another planet
11 September	Mars Global Surveyor	Areocentric orbit injection
17 September	Galileo	3rd flyby of Callisto
6 November	Galileo	3rd flyby of Europa
16 December	Galileo	4th flyby of Europa

EVAs

[edit]

Start date/time	Duration	End time	Spacecraft	Crew	Function	Remarks
14 February 04:34	6 hours 42 minutes	11:16	STS-82 Discovery	👁 United States Mark C. Lee 👁 United States Steven Smith	Swapped out the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph for the Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer and replaced the Faint Object Spectrograph with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph. Stowed the GHRS and FOS for return to Earth in the payload bay.^[31]	Hubble Space Telescope servicing
15 February 03:25	7 hours 27 minutes	10:52	STS-82 Discovery	👁 United States Gregory J. Harbaugh 👁 United States Joseph R. Tanner	Replaced a Fine Guidance Sensor and an Engineering and Science Tape Recorder with spare replacement units. Also installed the Optical Control Electronics Enhancement Kit.^[32]	Hubble Space Telescope servicing
16 February 02:53	7 hours 11 minutes	10:04	STS-82 Discovery	👁 United States Mark C. Lee 👁 United States Steven Smith	Replaced a Data Interface Unit with a spare unit and replaced a reel-to-reel tape drive Engineering and Science Tape Recorder with a solid-state digital version. Also replaced one of the four Reaction Wheel Assembly units that help point the telescope at targets.^[33]	Hubble Space Telescope servicing
17 February 03:45	6 hours 34 minutes	10:19	STS-82 Discovery	👁 United States Gregory J. Harbaugh 👁 United States Joseph R. Tanner	Replaced the Solar Array Drive Electronics package with a spare, also replaced the covers of the satellite's magnetometers. Installed thermal blankets over areas of degraded insulation.^[34]	Hubble Space Telescope servicing
18 February 03:15	5 hours 17 minutes	08:32	STS-82 Discovery	👁 United States Mark C. Lee 👁 United States Steven Smith	Installed more thermal insulation on three more areas that had undergone degradation.^[35]	Hubble Space Telescope servicing
29 April 05:10	4 hours 59 minutes	10:09	Mir EO-23 Kvant-2	👁 Russia Vasily Tsibliyev 👁 United States Jerry M. Linenger	Installed the Optical Properties Monitor on the exterior of Kristall. Used the Strela crane to move to the Kvant-2 module. At Kvant-2 they retrieved two American experiments, the Partial Impact Experiment and the Mir Sample Experiment, from the Kvant-2 hull, and installed the Benton Radiation Dosimeter on Kvant-2.^[36]	First use of the new Orlan-M space suit.
22 August 11:14	3 hours 16 minutes	14:30	Mir EO-24 Transfer compartment of DOS-7	👁 Russia Anatoly Solovyev 👁 Russia Pavel Vinogradov	Reconnected power cabling to the Spektr solar arrays, thus restoring part of the power lost in the collision. Although the spacewalkers were able to recover equipment and supplies from the module, they were not able to find the puncture hole.^[37]	Internal EVA to inspect the damaged Spektr module
6 September 01:07	6 hours	07:07	Mir EO-24 Kvant-2	👁 Russia Anatoly Solovyev 👁 United Kingdom /👁 United States Michael Foale	Solovyev rode the Strela crane operated by Foale on the base block to Spektr to inspect for damage. Although an extensive documentation and search of Spektr, he was unable to find the hole. Before he returned to the airlock, Foale collected the radiation dosimeter installed outside earlier.^[38]	Foale became the first person to conduct EVAs in both American and Russian spacesuits.^[39]
1 October 17:29	5 hours 1 minute	22:30	STS-86 Mir Atlantis	👁 United States Scott E. Parazynski 👁 Russia Vladimir Titov	Retrieved the four Mir Environmental Effects Packages from the docking module surface. Also installed the Solar Array Cap to the docking module, to be used to plug the hole in the Spektr module on a future EVA. To close out the EVA, the spacewalkers tested the Simplified Aid For EVA Rescue jet packs.^[40]
20 October 09:40	6 hours 38 minutes	16:18	Mir EO-24 Transfer compartment of DOS-7	👁 Russia Anatoly Solovyev 👁 Russia Pavel Vinogradov	Attempted to install three control cables between the solar array servo motors to the special adapter plate that seals Spektr from the rest of Mir. After cleaning up some of the debris and loose items in Spektr, Solovyev was able to connect the three cables to the servos. But even after an effort that extended into the "emergency oxygen supply" of the Orlan space suits, Solovyev was only able to connect two of the cables to the adapter plate.^[41]	Internal EVA to repair the damaged Spektr module
3 November 03:32	6 hours 4 minutes	09:36	Mir EO-24 Kvant-2	👁 Russia Anatoly Solovyev 👁 Russia Pavel Vinogradov	Released a minispunik (mini-satellite) into orbit. The spacewalkers then dismantled the old solar panel MSB-4 on Kvant-1. They stowed the panel on the outside of the base block.^[42]
6 November 00:12	6 hours 12 minutes	06:24	Mir EO-24 Kvant-2	👁 Russia Anatoly Solovyev 👁 Russia Pavel Vinogradov	Installed a new solar array on Kvant-1 to replace the panel removed on their previous spacewalk.^[43]
25 November 00:02	7 hours 43 minutes	07:45	STS-87 Columbia	👁 United States Winston E. Scott 👁 Japan Takao Doi	Captured the Spartan satellite by hand and secured it in the payload bay. Then the spacewalking team set up and tested a crane that will be used to construct the International Space Station.^[44]	Doi became the first Japanese spacewalker.
3 December 09:09	4 hours 59 minutes	14:09	STS-87 Columbia	👁 United States Winston E. Scott 👁 Japan Takao Doi	Conducted more testing and evaluation of the crane in the payload bay. They repeated many of the same crane motion tests with smaller objects than in the earlier EVA. During the EVA a small free-flying video camera was deployed to record the work.^[45]

References

[edit]

Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.
Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report". Archived from the original on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
McDowell, Jonathan. "GCAT Orbital Launch Log".
Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
"ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
"NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
"Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).
"Rocket Launch Manifest". Next Spaceflight.
"Space Launch Plans". Novosti Kosmonavtiki.
"Space Satellite Tracking". N2YO.

Generic references:

👁 Image
Spaceflight portal

Footnotes

[edit]

^ Corum, Jonathan (18 December 2015). "Mapping Saturn's Moons". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 19 December 2015. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
^ "Thaicom 3". Archived from the original on 5 May 2009. Retrieved 16 June 2009.
^ "NOAA Deactivates GOES-10 after 12 Years of Tracking Storms". NOAA. 2 December 2009. Archived from the original on 7 December 2009. Retrieved 3 December 2009.
^ "IRIDIUM 8". N2YO.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
^ "IRIDIUM 6". N2YO.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
^ "IRIDIUM 12". N2YO.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
^ "IRIDIUM 10". N2YO.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
^ "IRIDIUM 13". N2YO.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
^ "IRIDIUM 15". N2YO.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
^ "IRIDIUM 18". N2YO.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
^ "IRIDIUM 25". N2YO.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
^ "IRIDIUM 46[24]". N2YO.com. Archived from the original on 31 August 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
^ "IRIDIUM 23". N2YO.com. Archived from the original on 21 February 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
^ "Lewis Spacecraft". ASTRONET. 23 June 1998. Archived from the original on 28 October 2009. Retrieved 27 March 2010.
^ Iannotta, Becky (11 February 2009). "U.S. Satellite Destroyed in Space Collision". Space.com. Archived from the original on 13 February 2009. Retrieved 11 February 2009.
^ "IRIDIUM 32". N2YO.com. Archived from the original on 31 August 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
^ "IRIDIUM 30". N2YO.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
^ "IRIDIUM 31". N2YO.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
^ "IRIDIUM 19". N2YO.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
^ "IRIDIUM 37". N2YO.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
^ "IRIDIUM 35". N2YO.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
^ "IRIDIUM 34". N2YO.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
^ "IRIDIUM 43". N2YO.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
^ "IRIDIUM 41". N2YO.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
^ "IRIDIUM 40". N2YO.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
^ "Rendezvous Docking Experiment Plan and Results". Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. 16 September 1999. Archived from the original on 28 August 2007. Retrieved 29 July 2008.
^ "Rainfall Spacecraft Re-enters Over Tropics". NASA. 16 June 2015. Archived from the original on 17 June 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
^ ^a ^b "ETS 7". N2YO.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
^ "IRIDIUM 47". N2YO.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
^ "IRIDIUM 49". N2YO.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
^ Dumoulin, Jim (2001). "STS-82 Day 4 Highlights". NASA Space Shuttle Launch Archive. NASA. Archived from the original on 22 March 2009. Retrieved 8 March 2009.
^ Dumoulin, Jim (2001). "STS-82 Day 5 Highlights". NASA Space Shuttle Launch Archive. NASA. Archived from the original on 22 March 2009. Retrieved 8 March 2009.
^ Dumoulin, Jim (2001). "STS-82 Day 6 Highlights". NASA Space Shuttle Launch Archive. NASA. Archived from the original on 22 March 2009. Retrieved 8 March 2009.
^ Dumoulin, Jim (2001). "STS-82 Day 7 Highlights". NASA Space Shuttle Launch Archive. NASA. Archived from the original on 22 March 2009. Retrieved 8 March 2009.
^ Dumoulin, Jim (2001). "STS-82 Day 8 Highlights". NASA Space Shuttle Launch Archive. NASA. Archived from the original on 22 March 2009. Retrieved 8 March 2009.
^ van der Berg, Chris (29 April 1997). "MIRNEWS 29 APRIL 1997 (357)". MirNews. SpaceOnLine. Archived from the original on 8 October 2008. Retrieved 8 March 2009.
^ van der Berg, Chris (25 August 1997). "MIRNEWS 25AUGUST 1997 (380)". MirNews. SpaceOnLine. Archived from the original on 27 August 2008. Retrieved 9 March 2009.
^ van der Berg, Chris (6 September 1997). "MIRNEWS.382". MirNews. SpaceOnLine. Archived from the original on 27 August 2008. Retrieved 9 March 2009.
^ Foale, Colin (1999). Waystation to The Stars. London: Headline Book Publishing. p. 235. ISBN 0-7472-7380-4.
^ Dumoulin, Jim. "STS-86 Day 7 Highlights". NASA Space Shuttle Launch Archive. NASA. Archived from the original on 21 March 2009. Retrieved 9 March 2009.
^ van der Berg, Chris (22 October 1997). "MIRNEWS.391 22 OCTOBER 1997 (391)". MirNews. SpaceOnLine. Archived from the original on 27 August 2008. Retrieved 9 March 2009.
^ van der Berg, Chris (3 November 1997). "MIRNEWS 3 NOVEMBER 1997 (393)". MirNews. SpaceOnLine. Archived from the original on 27 August 2008. Retrieved 10 March 2009.
^ van der Berg, Chris (6 November 1997). "MIRNEWS 6 NOVEMBER 1997 (394)". MirNews. SpaceOnLine. Archived from the original on 27 August 2008. Retrieved 10 March 2009.
^ Dumoulin, Jim (25 November 1997). "STS-87 Day 7 Highlights". NASA Space Shuttle Launch Archive. NASA. Archived from the original on 21 March 2009. Retrieved 10 March 2009.
^ Dumoulin, Jim (3 December 1997). "STS-87 Day 15 Highlights". NASA Space Shuttle Launch Archive. NASA. Archived from the original on 21 March 2009. Retrieved 10 March 2009.

v t e Timeline of spaceflight
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v t e ← 1996 1998 →
GPS IIR-1 GE 2 Nahuel 1A Haruka Kosmos 2337 Kosmos 2338 Kosmos 2339 Gonets-D1 #4 Gonets-D1 #5 Gonets-D1 #6 JCSAT-R USA-130 Intelsat 801 Mozhayets 2 Tempo-2 USA-131 Progress M-34 Kosmos 2340 Thaicom 3 BSAT-1a Kosmos 2341 Minisat 01 Founders GOES 10 Iridium 4 Iridium 5 Iridium 6 Iridium 7 Iridium 8 Chinasat 6A Kosmos 2342 Kosmos 2343 Tselina-2 Thor 2 Telstar 5 Inmarsat-3 F4 INSAT-2D Kosmos 2344 Fengyun 2A Iridium 9 Iridium 10 Iridium 11 Iridium 12 Iridium 13 Iridium 14 Iridium 16 Intelsat 802 Progress M-35 Iridium 15 Iridium 17 Iridium 18 Iridium 20 Iridium 21 USA-132 Superbird-C OrbView-2 (CRISTA-SPAS) PAS-6 Kosmos 2345 Agila 2 Iridium 22 Iridium 23 Iridium 24 Iridium 25 Iridium 26 Lewis ACE PAS-5 FORTE Iridium MFS-1 Iridium MFS-2 Hot Bird 3 Meteosat 7 GE-3 Iridium 27 Iridium 28 Iridium 29 Iridium 30 Iridium 31 Iridium 32 Iridium 33 Kosmos 2346 FAISAT-2V Intelsat 803 Molniya-1T #98 Iridium 19 Iridium 34 Iridium 35 Iridium 36 Iridium 37 IRS-1D Progress M-36 (Sputnik 40, X-Mir) EchoStar III Foton #11 Cassini (Huygens) Apstar 2R USA-133 STEP-4 USA-135 FalconGOLD Maqsat-B Maqsat-H YES VLS-1 V01 (SCD-2A) USA-134 USA-136 Iridium 38 Iridium 39 Iridium 40 Iridium 41 Iridium 43 Kupon Sirius 2 IndoStar-1 Resurs-F1M #1 (SPARTAN-201) TRMM Orihime Hikoboshi JCSAT-1B Equator-S Astra 1G Iridium 42 Iridium 44 Galaxy 8i Kosmos 2347 Kosmos 2348 Progress M-37 Iridium 45 Iridium 46 Iridium 47 Iridium 48 Iridium 49 Intelsat 804 Orbcomm FM5 Orbcomm FM6 Orbcomm FM7 Orbcomm FM8 Orbcomm FM9 Orbcomm FM10 Orbcomm FM11 Orbcomm FM12 Early Bird 1 AsiaSat 3
Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( \| ). Crewed flights are indicated in . Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in italics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).

← 1996

1998 →

Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in . Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in italics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).

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⇱ 1997 in spaceflight - Wikipedia

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