Class 11 RD Sharma Solutions- Chapter 23 The Straight Lines- Exercise 23.16

Question 1. Determine the distance between the following pair of parallel lines:

(i) 4x – 3y – 9 = 0 and 4x – 3y – 24 = 0

(ii) 8x + 15y – 34 = 0 and 8x + 15y + 31 = 0

(iii) y = mx + c and y = mx + d

(iv) 4x + 3y - 11 = 0 and 8x + 6y = 15

Solution:

(i) 4x – 3y – 9 = 0 and 4x – 3y – 24 = 0

Given:

The parallel lines are

4x − 3y − 9 = 0 ---(Equation-1)

4x − 3y − 24 = 0 ---(Equation-2)

Let 'd' be the distance between the given lines.

Thus,

d = 

Therefore, 

The distance between givens parallel line is 3 units.

(ii) 8x + 15y – 34 = 0 and 8x + 15y + 31 = 0

Given:

The parallel lines are

8x + 15y − 34 = 0 ---(Equation-1)

8x + 15y + 31 = 0 ---(Equation-2)

Let 'd' be the distance between the given lines.

Thus,

d = 

Therefore,

The distance between givens parallel line is  units.

(iii) y = mx + c and y = mx + d

Distance between y = mx + c and y = mx + d is

(iv) 4x + 3y - 11 = 0 and 8x + 6y = 15

The distance between 4x + 3y - 11 = 0 and 8x + 6y = 15 is

Question 2. The equations of two sides of a square are 5x – 12y – 65 = 0 and 5x – 12y + 26 = 0. Find the area of the square.

Solution:

Given:

Two side of square are 5x – 12y – 65 = 0 and 5x – 12y + 26 = 0

The sides of a square are

5x − 12y − 65 = 0 ---(Equation-1)

5x − 12y + 26 = 0 ---(Equation-2)

Here we can see that lines (1) and (2) are parallel.

Hence, the distance between them will give the length of the side of the square.

Let 'd' be the distance between the given lines.

d = 

Therefore, 

Area of the square = 7² = 49 square units

Question 3. Find the equation of two straight lines that are parallel to x + 7y + 2 = 0 and at unit distance from the point (1, -1).

Solution:

Given:

The equation is parallel to x + 7y + 2 = 0 and at unit distance from the point (1, -1)

The equation of given line is

x + 7y + 2 = 0 ---(Equation-1)

The equation of a line parallel to line x + 7y + 2 = 0 is given below:

x + 7y + λ = 0 ---(Equation-2)

The line x + 7y + λ = 0 is at a unit distance from the point (1, − 1).

Thus,

1 = 

λ – 6 = ± 5√2

λ = 6 + 5√2, 6 – 5√2

Now, 

Substitute the value of λ back in equation x + 7y + λ = 0, we get

x + 7y + 6 + 5√2 = 0 and x + 7y + 6 – 5√2

Therefore, The required lines:

x + 7y + 6 + 5√2 = 0 and x + 7y + 6 – 5√2

Question 4. Prove that the lines 2x + 3y = 19 and 2x + 3y + 7 = 0 are equidistant from the line 2x + 3y = 6.

Solution:

Given:

The lines A, 2x + 3y = 19 and B, 2x + 3y + 7 = 0 also a line C, 2x + 3y = 6.

Let d₁ be the distance between lines 2x + 3y = 19 and 2x + 3y = 6,

While d₂ is the distance between lines 2x + 3y + 7 = 0 and 2x + 3y = 6

d₁ = and d₂ = 

d₁ =  and d₂ = 

Hence, proved, the lines 2x + 3y = 19 and 2x + 3y + 7 = 0 are equidistant from the line 2x + 3y = 6

Question 5. Find the equation of the line mid-way between the parallel lines 9x + 6y – 7 = 0 and 3x + 2y + 6 = 0.

Solution:

Given:

9x + 6y – 7 = 0 and 3x + 2y + 6 = 0 are parallel lines

The given equations of the lines are shown as:

3x + 2y –  = 0 ---(Equation-1)

3x + 2y + 6 = 0 ---(Equation-2)

Let the equation of the line midway between the parallel lines (1) and (2) be

3x + 2y + λ = 0 ---(Equation-3)

The distance between (1) and (3) and the distance between (2) and (3) are equal.

6 - λ = λ + 

λ = 

Now substitute the value of λ back in equation 3x + 2y + λ = 0, we get

3x + 2y +  = 0

By taking LCM

18x + 12y + 11 = 0

Therefore, 

The required equation of line is 18x + 12y + 11 = 0.

Question 6. Find the ratio in which the line 3x + 4y + 2 = 0 divides the distance between the lines 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 and 3x + 4y - 5 = 0.

Solution: 

Clearly, the slope of each of the given lines is same equal to 

Hence, the line 3x + 4y + 2 = 0 is parallel to each of the given lines.

Putting y = 0 in 3x + 4y + 2 = 0, we get x = 

So, the coordinates of a point on 3x + 4y + 2 = 0 are \

The distance d₁ between the lines 3x + 4y + 2 = 0 and 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 is given by

d₁ = 

The distance d₂ between the lines 3x + 4y + 2 = 0 and 3x + 4y - 5 =0 is given by

d₂ = 

So, 3x + 4y + 2 = 0 divides the distance between the lines 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 and 3x + 4y - 5 = 0 in the ratio 3 : 7.