Class 12 RD Sharma Solutions - Chapter 29 The Plane - Exercise 29.15 | Set 1

Question 1. Find the image of the point (0, 0, 0) in the plane 3x + 4y - 6z + 1 = 0.

Solution: 

According to the question we have

Plane = 3x + 4y - 6z + 1 = 0

Line passing through origin and perpendicular to plane is given by

So, let the image of (0, 0, 0) = (3r, 4r, -6r) 

The midpoint of (0, 0, 0) and (3r, 4r, -6r) lies on the given plane

3(3r/2) + 2(4r) - 3(-6y) + 1 = 0

30.5y = -1

r = -2/61

So, the image is (-6/61, -8/61, 12/61) 

Question 2. Find the reflection of the point (1, 2, -1) in the plane 3x - 5y + 4z = 5

Solution: 

According to the question we have to find the reflection of 

the point P(1, 2, -1) in the plane 3x - 5y + 4z = 5

So, let Q = reflection of the point P 

R = midpoint of PQ.

Then, R lies on the plane 3x - 5y + 4z = 5.

Now, the direction ratios of PQ are proportional to 3, -5, 4 and 

PQ is passing through (1, 2, -1).

So, equation of PQ is,

Let Q be (3λ + 1, -5λ + 2, 4λ - 1)

The coordinates of R are = 

Since, R lies on the given plane i.e., 3x - 5y + 4z = 5

Therefore, 

9λ + 6 + 25λ - 20 + 16λ - 8 = 10

50λ - 22 = 10

50λ = 32

λ = 16/25

Q = (3λ + 1, -5λ + 2, 4λ -1)         -Equation(1)

Now, put the value of λ in equation (1), we get,

= (3(16/25)+1, -5(16/25)+2, 4(16/25)-1)

= ((48/25)+1,  (-16/5)+2, (64/25)-1)

= (73/25, -6/5, 39/25)

Hence, the reflection of point (1, 2, -1) = (73/25, -6/5, 39/25)

Question 3. Find the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point (5, 4, 2) to the line . Hence or otherwise deduce the length of the perpendicular.

Solution: 

According to the question we have to find foot of the perpendicular, say Q,

drawn from point P(5, 4, 2) to the line 

So, Let us assume Q = (2λ - 1, 3λ + 3, -λ + 1)          -Equation(1)

Direction ratio of line PQ are = (2λ - 6, 3λ - 1, -λ - 1)

Here, the line PQ is perpendicular to line the given line AB

So, 

a₁a₂ + b₁b₂ + c₁c₂ = 0

(2λ - 6)(2) + (3λ - 1)(3) + (-λ - 1)(-1) = 0

4λ - 12 + 9λ - 3 + λ + 1 = 0

14λ - 14 = 0

λ = 14/14

λ = 1

So, put the value of λ in equation(1), we get

= (2(1) - 1, 3(1) + 3, -(1) + 1)

= (2 - 1, 3 + 3, -1 +1)

= (1, 6, 0)

Now, we find the length of perpendicular PQ using distance formula 

= √24

= 2√6

So, the foot of the perpendicular is (1, 6, 0)

Length of the perpendicular is 2√6 units.

Question 4. Find the image of the point with position vector  in the plane  . Also find the position vector of the foot of the perpendicular and the equation of the perpendicular line through  .

Solution:

According to the question we have to find image of the point P(3, 1, 2) 

in the plane  or 2x - y + z = 4.

Let Q be the image of the point P.

So,

The direction ratios of normal to the point = 2, -1, 1

The direction ratios of line PQ perpendicular to 2, -1, 1 and

PQ is passing through (3, 1, 2)

So equation of PQ is

General point on the line PQ is = (2λ + 3, -λ + 1, λ + 2)

Let us assume Q = (2λ + 3, -λ + 1, λ + 2)           -Equation(1)

Let R be the mid point of PQ. Then,

Coordinates of R =  

Since, R lies on the plane 2x - y + z = 4, we get

4λ + 12 + λ - 2 + λ + 4 = 8

6λ = 8 - 14

λ = -6/6

λ = -1 

So, put the value of λ in equation(1), we get

Image of P = Q(2 (-1) + 3, - (-1) + 1, -1 + 2)

Image of P = (1, 2, 1)

Equation of the perpendicular line through  is

Position vector of the image point is

Position vector of the foot of the perpendicular is

By putting the value of λ in the position vector of the foot of the perpendicular is 

Question 5. Find the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular from the point (1, 1, 2) to the plane 2x - 2y + 4z + 5 = 0. Also, find the length of the perpendicular.

Solution:

According to the question we have,

Plane = 2x - 2y + 4z + 5 = 0         -Equation(1)

Point = (1, 1, 2)

and find the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular

 

Let us assume that the foot of perpendicular = (x, y, z). 

So, DR's are in proportional

x = 2k + 1

y = -2k + 1

z = 4k + 2

Substitute (x, y, z) = (2k + 1, -2k + 1, 4k + 2) in the equation(1), we get

2x - 2y + 4z + 5 = 0

4k + 2 + 4k - 2 + 16k + 8 + 5 = 0

24k = -13

k = -13/24

So, the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular (x, y, z) = (-1/12, 5/3, -1/6)

Question 6. Find the distance of the point (1, -2, 3) from the plane x - y + z + 5 measured along a line parallel to 

Solution: 

According to the question, we have to find the distance of point P(1, -2, 3) 

from the plane x - y + z = 5 measured 

parallel to line AB, 

Let us assume Q = Mid point of the line joining P to plane.

We have, PQ parallel to line AB

The direction ratios of line PQ are proportional to direction ratios of line AB

The direction ratios of line PQ = 2, 3, -6 

PQ is passing through point P(1, -2, 3).

Thus, the equation of PQ is,

The general point on the line PQ = (2λ + 1, 3λ - 2, -6λ + 3)

Suppose the coordinates of Q = (2λ + 1, 3λ - 2, -6λ + 3)

Thus, Q lies on the plane x - y + z = 5

(2λ + 1) - (3λ - 2) + (-6λ + 3) = 5

2λ + 1 - 3λ + 2 - 6λ + 3 = 5

-7λ = -1

λ = 1/7

Coordinate of Q = (2λ + 1, 3λ - 2,  -6λ + 3)          -Equation(1)

Now, put the value of λ in equation(1), we get

Q = (2(1/7)+1, 3(1/7)-2, -6(1/7)+3)

Q = (9/7, -11/7, 15/7)

Now, we find the distance between (1, -2, 3) and plane = PQ

= 1

Hence, the required distance is 1 unit.

Question 7. Find the coordinates of the foot the perpendicular from the point (2, 3, 7) to the plane 3x - y - z = 7. Also, find the length of the perpendicular.

Solution:

Let us assume that Q be the foot of the perpendicular.

Now, the direction ratios of normal plane is 3, -1, -1

Line PQ is parallel to normal to plane

Direction ratios of PQ are proportional to 3, -1, -1 

PQ is passing through point P(2, 3, 7)

So, 

The general point on the line PQ

= (3λ + 2, -λ + 3, -λ + 7)

Coordinates of Q = (3λ + 2, -λ + 3, -λ + 7)         -Equation(1)

Point Q lies on the plane 3x - y - z = 7

Thus,

3(3λ + 2) - (-λ + 3) - (-λ + 7) = 7

9λ + 6 + λ - 3 + λ - 7 = 7

11λ = 7 + 4

11λ = 11

λ = 11/11

λ = 1

Now, put the value of λ in equation(1), we get

Q = (3(1) + 2, -(1) + 3, -(1) + 7)

Q = (5, 2, 6)

Find the length of the perpendicular PQ

= √11

Summary

Exercise 29.15 Set 1 in RD Sharma Class 12 typically focuses on various aspects of planes in three-dimensional space. Key concepts include:

• General equation of a plane: ax + by + cz + d = 0
• Normal vector of a plane: (a, b, c)
• Point-normal form of a plane equation
• Planes parallel or perpendicular to coordinate axes
• Intercept form of a plane equation
• Distance of a point from a plane