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⇱ Brookite: Mineral information, data and localities.


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Brookite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About BrookiteHide

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Formula:
TiO2
Colour:
Brown, yellowish brown, reddish brown; dark brown to iron-black; yellowish brown to dark brown in transmitted light
Lustre:
Adamantine, Sub-Adamantine, Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
5½ - 6
Specific Gravity:
4.08 - 4.18
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named in 1825 by Serve-Dieu Abailard "Armand" Lévy in honor of Henry James Brooke [May 25, 1771 Exeter, England, UK - 1857 London, England, UK], wealthy textile manufacturer and actuary, amateur English crystallographer and mineralogist. Brooke discovered 12 minerals: Annabergite, Autunite, Arfvedsonite, Caledonite, Childrenite, Linarite, Nitronatrite, Susannite, Thomsonite, and Whewellite. He was author of A Familiar Introduction to Crystallography and co-author of Elementary Introduction to Mineralogy (1852). He wrote numerous scientific articles and was a fellow of the Royal Society, Geological Society of London, and the Linnaen Society.
Brookite is one of the five forms of titanium dioxide found in nature.




Unique IdentifiersHide

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Mindat ID:
787
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:787:8

Similar NamesHide

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Bhreckite
BorickiteA synonym of 'Bořickýite'(Ca,Mg)(Fe3+,Al)4(PO4,SO4,CO3)2(OH)8 · 3-7.5H2O
BraggiteA valid IMA mineral speciesPdPt3S4
BrockiteA valid IMA mineral species(Ca,Th,Ce)PO4 · H2O
BroggiteA variety of 'Bitumen' ['Petroleum']

IMA Classification of BrookiteHide

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Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

Classification of BrookiteHide

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4.DD.10

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
D : With medium-sized cations; frameworks of edge-sharing octahedra
4.4.5.1

4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
4 : AX2
7.9.4

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
9 : Oxides of Ti

Mineral SymbolsHide

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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
BrkIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
BrkKretz (1983)Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279.
BrkSiivolam & Schmid (2007)Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download
BrkWhitney & Evans (2010)Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371
BrkThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Pronunciation of BrookiteHide

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Pronunciation:
PlayRecorded byCountry
Jolyon RalphUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of BrookiteHide

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Adamantine, Sub-Adamantine, Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Sub-Metallic
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent, Opaque
Colour:
Brown, yellowish brown, reddish brown; dark brown to iron-black; yellowish brown to dark brown in transmitted light
Streak:
White to greyish white or yellowish white
Hardness:
5½ - 6 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
on {120}, in traces on {001}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
4.08 - 4.18 g/cm3 (Measured)    4.133 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of BrookiteHide

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Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 2.5831 nβ = 2.5843 nγ = 2.7004
2V:
Calculated: 12° to 20°
Birefringence:
0.1173
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.117
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.

Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r > v, very strong, with crossed axial dispersion
Optical Extinction:
Parallel
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
Yellow, red, orange to brown

Chemistry of BrookiteHide

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Mindat Formula:
TiO2
Element Weights:
Element% weight
Ti59.934 %
O40.066 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
Common Impurities:
Fe,Ta,Nb

Crystallography of BrookiteHide

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Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm(2/m2/m2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.4558 Å, b = 9.1819 Å, c = 5.1429 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.594 : 1 : 0.56
Unit Cell V:
257.63 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
8
Morphology:
Crystals typically tabular on {010}, striated parallel to [001] and elongated; pyramidal {111} or pseudohexagonal with {120} and {111} equally developed; also prismatic on [001] with {120} prominent; rarely tabular on {001} or pseudo-pyramidal.
Twinning:
On {120}, uncertain
Comment:
Space Group: Pcab

Crystallographic forms of BrookiteHide

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Crystal Atlas:
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Brookite no.1 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Brookite no.45 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Brookite no.78 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Brookite no.86 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by www.smorf.nl.

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Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0005163BrookiteMeagher E P, Lager G A (1979) Polyhedral thermal expansion in the TiO2 polymorphs: Refinement of the crystal structures of rutile and brookite at high temperatures Sample at 625 degrees C The Canadian Mineralogist 17 77-85👁 Image
19790293
0005162BrookiteMeagher E P, Lager G A (1979) Polyhedral thermal expansion in the TiO2 polymorphs: Refinement of the crystal structures of rutile and brookite at high temperature Sample at 425 degrees C The Canadian Mineralogist 17 77-85👁 Image
19790293
0005161BrookiteMeagher E P, Lager G A (1979) Polyhedral thermal expansion in the TiO2 polymorphs: Refinement of the crystal structures of rutile and brookite at high temperature Sample at 280 degrees C The Canadian Mineralogist 17 77-85👁 Image
19790293
0005160BrookiteMeagher E P, Lager G A (1979) Polyhedral thermal expansion in the TiO2 polymorphs: Refinement of the crystal structures of rutile and brookite at high temperature Sample at 25 degrees C The Canadian Mineralogist 17 77-85👁 Image
19790293
0011766BrookiteWyckoff R W G (1963) Second edition. Interscience Publishers, New York, New York Crystal Structures 1 239-44419630293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

Epitaxial Relationships of BrookiteHide

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Epitaxial Minerals:
Epitaxy Comments:
Rutile {110} [001] parallel to brookite {120} [001].
Rutile {110} [001] parallel to brookite {111} [001].

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

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Loading XRD data...
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.51 Å(100)
3.47 Å(80)
2.90 Å(90)
2.729 Å(4)
2.476 Å(25)
2.409 Å(18)
2.370 Å(6)
2.344 Å(4)
2.332 Å(4)
2.296 Å(5)
2.254 Å(8)
2.244 Å(18)
2.133 Å(16)
1.969 Å(16)
1.893 Å(30)
1.851 Å(18)
1.833 Å(3)
1.757 Å(3)
1.691 Å(20)
1.662 Å(30)
1.649 Å(5)
1.610 Å(13)
1.597 Å(2)
1.541 Å(7)
1.494 Å(10)
1.473 Å(4)
1.466 Å(9)
1.461 Å(12)
1.452 Å(12)
1.442 Å(6)
1.434 Å(10)
1.417 Å(9)
1.364 Å(5)
1.336 Å(8)
1.319 Å(3)
1.312 Å(2)
1.285 Å(2)
1.238 Å(10)
1.211 Å(2)
Comments:
ICDD 29-1360. Recorded on material from Magnet Cove, Arkansas, USA.

Geological EnvironmentHide

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Paragenetic Mode(s):
Geological Setting:
An accessory mineral in alpine veins in gneiss and schist; in contact metamorphic zones and hydrothermal veinlets; a common detrital mineral.

Type Occurrence of BrookiteHide

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General Appearance of Type Material:
Bladed red to brown transparent to translucent bladed crystals with longitudinal striations.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Hydrothermal vein
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Synonyms of BrookiteHide

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Other Language Names for BrookiteHide

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Czech:Brookit
Dutch:Brookiet
Italian:Brookite
Polish:Brukit
Portuguese:Brookita
Russian:Брукит
Simplified Chinese:板钛矿
Slovak:Brookit
Ukrainian:Брукіт

Varieties of BrookiteHide

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ArkansiteName for a morphological variety of brookite from Arkansas, USA.
Niobium-bearing BrookiteCompare also arkansite.

Common AssociatesHide

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Associations Based on Photo Data:
874 photos of Brookite associated with QuartzSiO2
293 photos of Brookite associated with AnataseTiO2
180 photos of Brookite associated with RutileTiO2
76 photos of Brookite associated with AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
37 photos of Brookite associated with PyriteFeS2
36 photos of Brookite associated with Chlorite Group
27 photos of Brookite associated with 'Smoky Quartz'SiO2
21 photos of Brookite associated with CalciteCaCO3
16 photos of Brookite associated with ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
14 photos of Brookite associated with 'Rock Crystal'SiO2

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

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4.DD.05AnataseTiO2Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/amd

Fluorescence of BrookiteHide

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Not fluorescent in ultraviolet

Other InformationHide

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Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for BrookiteHide

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References for BrookiteHide

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Reference List:

Localities for BrookiteHide

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Showing 905 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the 👁 Image
symbol to view information about a locality. The 👁 Image
symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

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👁 Image
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
👁 Image
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. 👁 Image
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
👁 Image
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Andorra
  • Encamp
    • Pas de La Casa
Serge Lavarde find & collection
Angola
  • Huambo Province
    • Bailundo
Beleque (2010)
Antarctica
Argentina
  • Catamarca Province
    • Belén Department
      • Corral Quemado
        • Papachacra
Rocks & Min. (2007)
    • Sierra de Ancasti
      • El Portezuelo
Colombo et al. (2011)
Australia
  • New South Wales
    • Arrawatta Co.
Vic Cloete collection
    • Gough Co.
Vic Cloete specimens
    • Northumberland County
      • Kulnura
N.d (2014)
    • Wellington Co.
      • Mudgee
Sutherland et al. (2003)
  • Northern Territory
    • East Arnhem Region
Rio Tinto Group
  • South Australia
    • Northern Areas Council
      • Spalding
alan swatland +1 other reference
  • Victoria
    • Loddon Shire
      • Pyramid Hill
Sorrell (n.d.)
    • Mansfield Shire
      • Woods Point
Bussat (1980)
Austria
Neschen (n.d.)
  • Carinthia
    • Klagenfurt am Wörthersee
      • Kreuzbergl massif
Niedermayr et al. (1995)
    • Sankt Veit an der Glan District
      • Eberstein
Niedermayr et al. (1995)
      • Frauenstein
        • Äußere Wimitz
Kolitsch et al. (2010)
      • Hüttenberg
        • Hüttenberger Erzberg
Meixner (1950)
      • Metnitz
        • Laßnitz
G. Niedermayr: Carinthia II 186./106.:130 (1996)
    • Spittal an der Drau District
      • Flattach
        • Wurten
          • Alteck
Niedermayr et al. (1995)
Kobloch (1992)
      • Mallnitz
Niedermayr et al. (1995)
Niedermayr et al. (1995)
Stroh (1979)
        • Etschl saddle
Weninger (1978)
Niedermayr et al. (1995)
Weninger (1978)
        • Seebach valley
A.Pichler (2012)
      • Malta
A.Pichler (2012)
Niedermayr et al. (1995)
J.Metzger (1997)
Annalen 1999
      • Obervellach
Niedermayr (1997)
    • Villach-Land District
      • Fresach
        • Laas
Brandstätter et al. (1987) +1 other reference
  • Lower Austria
    • Amstetten District
      • St. Georgen am Ybbsfelde
Kappelmüller (1993)
    • Gmünd District
Körner (2006)
    • Krems-Land District
      • Lichtenau im Waldviertel
many collections (Erwin Löffler, Peter Neschen, Franz Linzer) +1 other reference
    • Melk District
      • Klein-Pöchlarn
        • Ebersdorf
Erwin Löffler & Harald Schillhammer ... +1 other reference
    • Sankt Pölten-Land District
      • Wölbling
        • Ambach
KIESEWETTER (1996a)
    • Zwettl District
      • Kottes-Purk
        • Fohra
Löffler et al. (2018)
  • Salzburg
    • Hallein District
      • Scheffau am Tennengebirge
        • Grubach
          • Moosegg
Horst Schabereiter collection (ex-Albert Strasser collection, analysed at Salzburg Uni, method unknown) +1 other reference
    • St. Johann im Pongau District
      • Bad Gastein
Strasser (1989)
        • Böckstein
Strasser (1989)
Strasser (1989)
Strasser (1989)
          • Stuhlwald
Strasser (1989)
collection of Martin Slama
Martin Reich collection
Grolig et al. (2003)
        • Naßfeld valley
Strasser (1989)
Strasser (1989)
          • Sportgastein
SCHEBESTA (2007)
Strasser (1989)
Strasser (1989)
Strasser (1989)
Strasser (1989)
      • Grossarl
        • Kleiner Schneibenstein
Strasser (1989)
Strasser (1989)
    • Tamsweg District
      • Muhr
        • Rotgülden
          • Lower Rotgülden lake
Paar et al. (1993)
collection Chris Auer
          • Muritzen valley
            • Haderlingspitze
Neschen (n.d.)
        • Schellgaden
Auer (1995)
Strasser (1989)
    • Zell am See District
      • Bramberg am Wildkogel
Lapis 2006-6
        • Nasenkopf mountain
          • Leckbachgraben
Strasser (1989)
Strasser (1989)
Neschen (n.d.)
Strasser (1989)
      • Fusch an der Grossglocknerstrasse
        • Ferleiten
Strasser (1989)
      • Mittersill
Strasser (1989)
      • Neukirchen am Großvenediger
        • Abichl Alp - Beryller area
Strasser (1989)
        • Hopffeld area
Preite D. (1986) +1 other reference
Strasser (1989)
Strasser (1989)
        • Silberofen
Gartner (1986)
      • Rauris
        • Alteck - Hoher Sonnblick area
          • Hoher Sonnblick
Strasser (1989)
          • Kolm-Saigurn
Strasser (1989)
C.Auer
        • Grieswies - Krumlkeeskopf area
          • Grieswies-Schafkar
Neschen (n.d.)
Gerd Stefanik collection
Strasser (1989)
Strasser (1989)
Auer et al. (2025)
Strasser (1989)
Strasser (1989)
      • Saalfelden
        • Biberg (Bieberg)
Strasser (1989)
  • Styria
    • Bruck-Mürzzuschlag District
      • Kindberg
        • Hadersdorf
Postl et al. (1988)
      • Spital am Semmering
        • Dürrhof
          • Semmering basis tunnel
Postl et al. (1997)
    • Leoben District
      • Leoben
        • Galgenberg
Chris Auer
      • Wald am Schoberpass
        • A9 Motorway tunnels
Taucher (1993)
    • Liezen District
      • Landl
        • Gams bei Hieflau
Grachev (Ed) +1 other reference
    • Murtal District
      • Weißkirchen in Steiermark
        • Kleinfeistritz
Steir.Mineralog 25/2011
    • Voitsberg District
      • Edelschrott
        • Modriach
          • Herzogberg
Postl et al. (2002)
      • Hirschegg-Pack
        • Heb Alp
Postl et al. (2005)
    • Weiz District
      • Anger
        • Rabenwald (Rabenwaldkogel)
Postl (1993)
Bojar et al. (1994)
  • Tyrol
    • Innsbruck-Land District
      • Vals
        • Innervals
M. Moro collection
    • Kitzbühel District
      • Oberndorf in Tirol
Strasser (2007)
    • Lienz District
      • Prägraten am Großvenediger
        • Dorferbach valley
Exel (1993)
        • Timmelbach valley
Exel (1993)
Exel (1993)
      • Virgen
        • Großer Nilbach valley
Exel (1993)
    • Schwaz District
      • Brandberg
Exel (1993)
      • Finkenberg
        • Haupen valley
Exel (1993)
Exel (1993)
        • Schrammacher
M. Moro collection
      • Mayrhofen
Steir.Mineralog 25/2011 +1 other reference
  • Upper Austria
    • Rohrbach District
      • Kleinzell im Mühlkreis
Brandstetter (2001)
    • Schärding District
      • Enzenkirchen
Kolitsch et al. (2008)
      • Sankt Florian am Inn
        • Allerding
Zirkl (1995) +2 other references
        • Gopperding
Kolitsch (2008) +1 other reference
    • Urfahr-Umgebung District
      • Gramastetten
        • Hamberg
Erich Reiter et al. (1999)
  • Vienna
    • Meidling
Kiesewetter (2005)
  • Vorarlberg
    • Bludenz District
      • Nenzing
        • Gamperdona valley
Brandstätter et al. (2014)
Belarus
  • Gomel Region
    • Zhytkavichy District
E.P. Shpanov et al. (1989)
Belgium
  • Wallonia
    • Hainaut
Hatert et al. (2002)
    • Luxembourg
      • Bertrix
Neutkens (2005)
Neutkens (2005)
Harjo Neutkens collection.
    • Walloon Brabant
Hatert et al. (2002)
      • Rebecq
        • Bierghes
Harjo Neutkens collection.
Hatert et al. (2002)
Pire (1993) +2 other references
      • Walhain
Prinz (1907) +3 other references
Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Republika Srpska
Koch (1899) +7 other references
Brazil
  • Amazonas
    • São Gabriel da Cachoeira
Orris et al. (2002) +1 other reference
  • Bahia
    • Ibitiara
Cassedanne (1985)
  • Minas Gerais
Anthony (1997)
various added photos
Bulgaria
  • Sofia City Province
    • Stolichna Municipality
      • Vitosha Mt
Canada
  • British Columbia
    • Golden Mining Division
Canadian Museum of Nature collection
Piilonen et al. (2025)
    • Greenwood Mining Division
Robert O. Meyer collection
    • Lillooet Mining Division
Montgomery (n.d.)
    • New Westminster Mining Division
      • Harrison Lake
        • Bear Mountain
Personal collection of J. Dagenais
  • Nova Scotia
    • Yarmouth Co.
      • Argyle
        • East Kemptville
Avalon Advanced Materials Inc.
  • Québec
    • Bas-Saint-Laurent
      • Matane RCM
Horváth collection
    • Centre-du-Québec
      • Drummond RCM
        • Saint-Cyrille-de-Wendover
Levinger & Lamoureux collections
    • Chaudière-Appalaches
      • Les Appalaches RCM
        • Saint-Pierre-de-Broughton (West Broughton)
Horváth et al. (2010)
    • Estrie
      • Le Granit RCM
        • Saint-Ludger
Horváth collection
      • Le Val-Saint-François RCM
        • Canton de Melbourne
MinRec 20 (3)
      • Memphrémagog RCM
        • Sainte-Catherine-de-Hatley
          • Ayer's Cliff area
HORVÁTH et al. (2006)
    • Montérégie
      • La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM
        • Mont Saint-Hilaire
Mandarino et al. (1989) +2 other references
      • Lajemmerais RCM
        • Varennes & St-Amable
          • Saint-Amable sill
Horvath
    • Montréal
176-178. +2 other references
    • Outaouais
      • Les Collines-de-l'Outaouais RCM
        • Chelsea
          • Autoroute 5
            • Autoroute 5 extension
              • Autoroute 5 roadcuts
P.M. Belley et al (2009) +1 other reference
Chile
  • Atacama
    • Copiapó Province
      • Copiapó
        • Cachiyuyo de Llampos mining district
          • Carrera Pinto
samples analysed by Gerhard Mohn and ...
    • Huasco Province
      • Freirina
        • Sierra La Totora district
"Estudios geológico del sector de ... +2 other references
"Estudios geológico del sector de ... +2 other references
  • Coquimbo
    • Elqui Province
      • La Serena
M.Dini collection (analysed material)
China
  • Guangdong
    • Shaoguan
      • Wengyuan Co.
Yunhuai Lin and Shiyang Chen (1985)
  • Guizhou
    • Zunyi
      • Bozhou District
Kehua Yin (2009)
      • Wuchuan County
Shenfu Weng et al. (2013)
  • Henan
    • Luoyang
      • Xin'an County
        • Xin'an bauxite field
Ruishen Ma et al. (2012) +1 other reference
  • Hunan
    • Chenzhou
      • Beihu District
        • Qitianling complex
          • Furong Sn-polymetallic ore field
Donghong Liu (2009)
  • Inner Mongolia
    • Xilingol League (Xilinguole Prefecture)
      • Xilinhot City (Xilinhaote Co.)
Ji et al. (2022)
  • Liaoning
    • Dandong
      • Kuandian County
- (1978)
  • Qinghai
    • Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
      • Da Qaidam (Dachaidan Co.)
Sun et al. (2015)
      • Golmud City (Ge'ermu Co.)
        • Tuotuohe area (Tuotuo river area)
Zhenming Zhao et al. (2013)
  • Shaanxi
    • Shangluo
      • Shangnan County
Saisai Li et al. (2013)
  • Shandong
    • Jinan
      • Zhangqiu Co.
Cuizhi Wang et al. (2005)
    • Yantai
      • Laizhou City
        • Jiaojia-Xincheng Gold camp
          • Xincheng-Hexi ore field
Liu et al. (2024)
      • Zhaoyuan City
        • Shanhou-Beipo gold field
Chen et al. (2024)
    • Zibo
      • Huantai Co.
Cuizhi Wang et al. (2005)
      • Linzi District
Cuizhi Wang et al. (2005)
      • Zhangdian District
Cuizhi Wang et al. (2005)
      • Zichuan District
Cuizhi Wang et al. (2005)
  • Sichuan
    • Liangshan Yi
      • Muli County
Liu et al. (2025)
  • Tibet
    • Nagqu
      • Nyima Co. (Nima Co.)
Siping Liao et al. (2002)
  • Xinjiang
    • Changji Autonomous Prefecture (Sanji Autonomous Prefecture)
      • Changji City
Wang et al. (2025)
    • Hami Prefecture (Kumul Prefecture; Qumul Prefecture)
      • Barkol Co. (Barköl Co.; Balikun Co.)
Ping Li et al. (2014)
    • Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture
      • Zhaosu Co.
    • Kezilesu Autonomous Prefecture (Kizilsu Autonomous Prefecture; Qizilsu Autonomous Prefecture)
      • Wuqia Co. (Ulugqat Co.; Ulughchat Co.)
  • Yunnan
    • Honghe
      • Gejiu City
        • Gejiu Sn-polymetallic ore field
Hai Zhang et al. (2009)
Czech Republic
  • Central Bohemian Region
    • Kutná Hora District
      • Kutná Hora
Pauliš P. Mineralogické lokality ...
      • Vlastějovice
Gadas et al. (2011)
  • Olomouc Region
    • Jeseník District
Kuttna +1 other reference
    • Šumperk District
      • Hraběšice
Novotný et al. (2002) +2 other references
  • Plzeň Region
    • Tachov District
      • Zadní Chodov
Havelcová et al. (2020)
  • Vysočina Region
    • Havlíčkův Brod District
      • Pohled
DOLNÍČEK et al. (2023) +1 other reference
    • Jihlava District
      • Bílý Kámen
Gramblička (n.d.)
    • Žďár nad Sázavou District
Sekanina (1929-1930)
  • Zlín Region
    • Uherské Hradiště District
      • Komňa
Černý
Denmark
Pedersen et al. (1975) +1 other reference
DR Congo
  • Lualaba
    • Lubudi
Gécamines (1977)
Ethiopia
  • Oromia Region
    • Adola belt (Adola gold field)
Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data 2019
Finland
  • Satakunta
    • Harjavalta
Marttila
France
  • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    • Haute-Loire
      • Brioude
        • Venteuges
          • La Bastide
    • Haute-Savoie
      • Bonneville
        • Chamonix-Mont-Blanc
          • Chamonix
hède frédéric
    • Isère
      • Grenoble
        • Le Freney-d'Oisans
Self collected Stephane Maury
Valverde J. (1999)
        • Villard-Notre-Dame
Belot (1978)
    • Savoie
      • Albertville
        • Bourg-Saint-Maurice
Bereyziat (2023)
Bereyziat (2021)
        • La Léchère
          • Celliers
De Ascençao Guedes et al. (2000)
De Ascençao Guedes et al. (2000)
De Ascençao Guedes et al. (2000)
De Ascençao Guedes et al. (2000)
R Stein collection
        • Les Belleville
          • Saint-Martin-de-Belleville
            • Le Châtelard
De Ascenção Guedes et al. (2015)
        • Peisey-Nancroix
De Ascencão Guedes R. (2004)
        • Sainte-Foy-Tarentaise
De Ascenção Guedes (2003)
      • Chambéry
Chollet Pascal Collection. Collected by ...
      • Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
        • Argentine
Thierry Brunsperger collection
        • Jarrier
P Le Roch self collected +1 other reference
        • Saint-François-Longchamp
          • Montgellafrey
Galvier et al. (1997)
        • Val-Cenis
          • Lanslebourg-Mont-Cenis
            • Mont-Cenis Plateau
De Ascenção Guedes et al. (2008)
          • Sollières-Sardières
De Ascenção Guedes et al. (2013)
  • Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
    • Nièvre
      • Château-Chinon
        • Arleuf
Yves Mourey Collection
  • Brittany
    • Côtes-d'Armor
      • Guingamp
        • Bon Repos sur Blavet
          • Saint-Gelven
Pierre Le Roch
    • Finistère
      • Brest
        • Plouarzel
          • Ruscumunoc
Périnet (n.d.)
      • Châteaulin
        • Laz
Germain et al. (1985) +1 other reference
        • Lopérec
Pierre Le Roch Collection
        • Saint-Goazec
Saget (1983) +1 other reference
        • Trégourez
Périnet (n.d.)
      • Morlaix
        • Sizun
Germain et al. (1985)
    • Morbihan
      • Lorient
        • Port-Louis
Chauris L. (1982)
      • Pontivy
        • Le Roc Saint-André
De Ascençao Guedes et al. (2001)
        • Plumelin
Le Roc'h P. ()
      • Vannes
        • Ambon
R. Pierrot
R. Pierrot
        • Sarzeau
R. Pierrot
  • Hauts-de-France
    • Oise
      • Beauvais
Belot (1978)
  • Nouvelle-Aquitaine
    • Creuse
      • Aubusson
        • Budelière
Econ Geol (1994)
    • Haute-Vienne
      • Bellac
        • Compreignac
Patrice Queneau Collection visual identification. Confirmed. Analyzed by Nicolas Meisser (Naturéum)
      • Limoges
        • Ambazac
Boisson et al. (2012)
  • Occitanie
    • Ariège
      • Foix
        • Luzenac
Revista deminerales (7)
        • Mercus-Garrabet
Rémy Ph. (2005)
    • Hautes-Pyrénées
      • Argelès-Gazost
        • Arrens-Marsous
Pascale & Daniel Journet
Jean-Vincent Coureau collection
        • Barèges
Ph. Rémy et Ph. Font (2007)
      • Bagnères-de-Bigorre
        • Aulon
          • L'Arbizon
Queneau (n.d.)
        • Bagnères-de-Bigorre
Ph. Rémy & Ph. Font (2007)
    • Tarn
King (n.d.)
      • Albi
        • Le Fraysse
          • Bennac
Castro et al. (2011)
      • Castres
        • Fontrieu
          • Fumade
Favreau et al. (2013)
  • Pays de la Loire
    • Loire-Atlantique
      • Châteaubriant-Ancenis
Devismes (1978)
  • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
    • Alpes-Maritimes
      • Nice Arrondissement
        • Isola
Self collected by S. MAURY
        • Saint-Etienne-de-Tinée
Jean-Pierre Bourgarel collection
        • Saint-Martin-Vésubie
Self collected by S. MAURY +1 other reference
desescaut.jy@voila.fr
    • Hautes-Alpes
      • Briançon
        • La Grave
R. Pierrot
        • Réotier
        • Villar-d'Arêne
Designolle J-L. (1997)
      • Gap
Maury (2018)
Maury (2018)
    • Var
      • Draguignan
        • Saint-Raphaël
MAURY (S)
MAURY (S)
  • Réunion
ko jansen collectionj
      • Bras de Cilaos
Jean-Vincent Coureau find & collection
Germany
  • Baden-Württemberg
    • Freiburg Region
      • Lörrach
        • Malsburg-Marzell
70. +1 other reference
      • Ortenaukreis
        • Haslach im Kinzigtal
          • Steinach
[Wittern (1995)
        • Hausach
          • Hausach
Walenta (1996)
        • Oberwolfach
Walenta (1992) +1 other reference
      • Waldshut
        • Waldshut-Tiengen
          • Detzeln
Hanneberg et al. (2009) +1 other reference
    • Karlsruhe Region
      • Freudenstadt
        • Bad Rippoldsau-Schapbach
Walenta (1992)
  • Bavaria
    • Lower Bavaria
      • Freyung-Grafenau District
        • Röhrnbach
Weiß (1990) +1 other reference
        • Waldkirchen
          • Oberfrauenwald
Habel et al. (1994)
      • Passau District
        • Untergriesbach
Habel (2007) +1 other reference
        • Vilshofen
    • Lower Franconia
      • Aschaffenburg District
        • Haibach
          • Dörrmorsbach
Lorenz (1998) +1 other reference
        • Sailauf
          • Hartkoppe
    • Swabia
      • Oberallgäu District
        • Burgberg im Allgäu
Hanke et al. (2018)
    • Upper Franconia
      • Bayreuth District
        • Goldkronach
Meier (1995)
      • Hof District
        • Feilitzsch
Rank (1987)
        • Lichtenberg
F. Müller: "Bayerns steinreiche Ecke" et al. (Hof)
        • Sparneck
          • Reinersreuth
Wittern (2001)
      • Kulmbach District
        • Kupferberg
Wittern (2001)
      • Wunsiedel im Fichtelgebirge
        • Kirchenlamitz
Wittern (2001)
    • Upper Palatinate
      • Neustadt an der Waldnaab District
        • Flossenbürg
Weiß (1990)
      • Tirschenreuth District
        • Pullenreuth
          • Dechantsees
Weiß (1990)
  • Hesse
    • Giessen Region
      • Limburg-Weilburg
        • Hünfelden
          • Mensfelden
taunusmineralien.de (2013)
        • Weinbach
Blaß et al. (2010)
  • Lower Saxony
    • Goslar District
      • Bad Harzburg
        • Radau valley
Schnorrer-Köhler (1988)
  • North Rhine-Westphalia
    • Arnsberg
      • Hochsauerlandkreis
        • Bestwig
          • Ramsbeck
            • Rühlborn
Uffmann et al. (2011)
        • Olsberg
          • Bruchhausen
Anonymous (2019)
        • Winterberg
          • Hildfeld
Uffmann et al. (2011)
      • Siegen-Wittgenstein
        • Siegen
          • Eiserfeld
            • Kohlenbach Valley
Henrich (2009)
  • Rhineland-Palatinate
    • Altenkirchen
      • Daaden-Herdorf
        • Schutzbach
Schnorrer et al. (1997)
    • Donnersbergkreis
      • Nordpfälzer Land
Heidtke (2001)
    • Kusel
      • Kusel-Altenglan
        • Bedesbach
P. Hesse (2017)
        • Föckelberg
Harmut Hensel
    • Südliche Weinstraße
      • Annweiler am Trifels
www.mineralienfreunde-der-pfalz.de (2015)
  • Saarland
    • Merzig-Wadern
      • Losheim am See
- (Th. Kleser)
      • Mettlach
        • Orscholz
Sendelbach et al. (2000) +1 other reference
      • Wadern
Thomas Kleser Collection
    • Sankt Wendel
      • Nohfelden
        • Eisen
Weiß (1990)
  • Saxony-Anhalt
    • Saalekreis
      • Petersberg
Hajek et al. (2007) +3 other references
  • Saxony
    • Bautzen District
      • Oßling
Wittern (2001)
      • Wittichenau
Lapis (1)
    • Görlitz District
      • Quitzdorf am See
        • Horscha
Witzke et al. (2006)
    • Mittelsachsen
      • Hartmannsdorf
Vollstädt (1979)
      • Oberschöna
www.mineralienatlas.de (n.d.)
    • Zwickau District
      • Kirchberg
collection Joachim Esche
  • Thuringia
    • Saale-Orla District
      • Seenplatte
        • Löhma
www.mineralatlas.eu (n.d.)
      • Wurzbach
        • Weitisberga
Wittern (2001)
Greece
  • Attica
    • East Attica
      • Lavreotiki
        • Charakas
          • Charakas mines
Rieck et al. (2018)
        • Plaka
          • Plaka Mines
Hanke (1998)
Hungary
  • Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County
    • Miskolc District
      • Miskolc
        • Diósgyőr
GEODA
  • Fejér County
    • Gárdony District
      • Sukoró
Zajzon et al. (2015)
    • Székesfehérvár District
      • Gánt
Szakáll et al. (1996)
Italy
  • Abruzzo
    • Pescara Province
      • Pescosansonesco
Durazzo et al. (1984) +2 other references
  • Aosta Valley
    • Courmayeur
Piccoli et al. (2007)
Piccoli et al. (2007)
Piccoli et al. (2007)
Piccoli et al. (2007)
Bianchi et al. (1925) +1 other reference
Paolo Pastore Collection
Piccoli et al. (2007)
G. Ghisolfi (1974)
Lapis 2004 number 7/8 pp. 37-51 +1 other reference
Lapis 2004 number 7/8 pp. 37-51
Matteo Chinellato collection 2006
    • Morgex
Personally collected by Flavio G. ... +1 other reference
  • Emilia-Romagna
    • Metropolitan City of Bologna
      • Camugnano
Pedroni et al. (1996)
F. Brignoli collection 2007
Pedroni et al. (1996)
G.Pedroni +1 other reference
      • Castel di Casio
Pedroni et al. (1996)
personal collect from founder of the ...
Dalrio (1980) +1 other reference
      • Gaggio Montano
Calanchi et al. (1975) +3 other references
      • Monterenzio
        • San Clemente
Matteo Chinellato collection
Pedroni et al. (1996)
    • Modena Province
      • Montese
        • Castelluccio di Moscheda
Pedroni et al. (1996)
Pedroni et al. (1996)
      • Pavullo nel Frignano
        • Olina
www.mineralimodenesi.it (2016)
    • Parma Province
      • Bardi
        • Lubbia
Collezione Adorni Fabrizio
      • Berceto
Roberto Bosi specimen +1 other reference
Adorni F. (2014)
      • Valmozzola
        • Moreschi
Collezione Adorni Fabrizio
Collezione Adorni Fabrizio
Adorni F. (1988)
        • Rio delle Marne
Adorni F. (1988) +1 other reference
    • Piacenza Province
      • Bobbio
Baldizzone (2008)
        • Trebbia River
Andrea Ortenzi Collection
      • Corte Brugnatella
Baldizzone (2008)
        • Marsaglia
Esposito M. (2012)
      • Ferriere
I minerali del Piacentino - G. ...
Giovanni Scapin Collection
Alberto Vaghi collection
  • Lazio
    • Viterbo Province
Il Cercapietre"
  • Liguria
    • Genoa
      • Borzonasca
Camarda et al. (2012)
Antofilli et al. (1983)
      • Campomorone
Palenzona A. et al. (1990)
      • Favale di Malvaro
Antofilli et al. (1985) +1 other reference
Agliuzza (2011)
      • Mezzanego
Antofilli et al. (1983)
      • Ne
        • Reppia
Balestra (2016)
Antofilli et al. (1983)
Marchesini et al. (2025)
        • Foppiano
Agliuzza et al. (2015)
Agliuzza et al. (2015)
Antofilli et al. (1983)
Marchesini et al. (2025)
Antofilli et al. (1983)
Agliuzza et al. (2015)
    • La Spezia Province
Antofilli et al. (1983)
      • Borghetto di Vara
      • Maissana
        • Lagorara Valley
Antofilli et al. (1983)
      • Rocchetta di Vara
collect from Andrea Morino
      • Sesta Godano
Antofilli et al. (1983)
Antofilli et al. (1983)
    • Savona Province
      • Cairo Montenotte
Bracco et al. (2007) +1 other reference
      • Magliolo
Bracco et al. (2006)
      • Murialdo
        • Pastori
Castellaro-Kampf
  • Lombardy
    • Bergamo Province
      • Branzi
Maida (2002)
Gramaccioli et al. (1992)
      • Oltre il Colle
        • Vedra Valley
          • Zorzone
Enrico Bonacina collection
    • Pavia Province
      • Rivanazzano Terme
Garzanti et al. (1998)
    • Sondrio Province
      • Caspoggio
Bedognè et al. (1993)
      • Chiesa in Valmalenco
Marchesini et al. (2025)
      • Grosio
Romani et al. (1997) +1 other reference
      • Lanzada
Bedognè et al. (1993)
        • Campo Moro Valley
          • Poschiavina Valley
          • Scalino Peak
Bedognè et al. (1993)
        • Mt. Motta
Demartin et al. (2008)
      • Madesimo
        • Febbraro Valley
F. Bedognè
Bedognè et al. (2006)
www.mineralimottarella.it (2010)
Giovanni Scapin Collection +2 other references
Edoardo Mottarella - ... +1 other reference
      • Sondalo
Brugnatelli (1899) +2 other references
      • Torre di Santa Maria
Bedognè et al. (1993)
Bedognè et al. (1993)
Bedognè et al. (1993)
Bedognè et al. (1993)
Bedognè et al. (1993)
Bedognè et al. (2011) +1 other reference
      • Valfurva
Bedognè +2 other references
      • Villa di Chiavenna
Pasetti (2010)
Bedogné et al. (1995)
    • Varese Province
Guastoni A. +1 other reference
      • Valganna
Guastoni et al. (2004)
  • Piedmont
    • Biella Province
      • Campiglia Cervo
        • San Paolo Cervo
Martini et al. (2012)
Martini et al. (2012)
    • Cuneo Province
      • Argentera
Piccoli (2002)
Piccoli et al. (2004)
      • Bagnolo Piemonte
Piccoli (2002) +1 other reference
Bruno Marello find & collection
Piccoli (2002) +1 other reference
      • Entracque
Piccoli (2002) +3 other references
      • Pontechianale
Piccoli (2002) +1 other reference
      • Sambuco
Piccoli (1981) +1 other reference
Piccoli et al. (2007)
Flavio Giuseppe Taricco - Discoverer of ...
Piccoli et al. (2007)
    • Metropolitan City of Turin
      • Balme
        • Mussa Alp (Pian della Mussa; Piano della Mussa; La Mussa; Lamussa)
Piccoli et al. (2007)
Piccoli et al. (2007)
      • Brosso
        • Cavallaria Mount
Barresi et al. (2)
      • Bussoleno
Franco Ciccolini collection (M.E. Ciriotti, 2007)
      • Lessolo
        • Calea
Gruppo Min. Grugliaschese (1987)
Finello et al. (2007)
      • Oulx
        • Signols
- (n.d.) +1 other reference
      • Prali
Piccoli et al. (2007)
Giuseppe Finello
      • Sauze d'Oulx
Piccoli et al. (2007)
      • Traversella
Franco Luca Bonino's collection
Silvio Bianco et al. (2024) +1 other reference
    • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
Lapis (3)
        • Devero Alp
Albertini (1991)
Albertini (1991)
      • Beura-Cardezza
Struever (1890) +1 other reference
R.M.I. 1997 n. 2 pg. 157 to 170 / ...
      • Crevoladossola
Preite et al. (1995)
      • Formazza
        • Ban Group
Mattioli (1979) +1 other reference
Piccoli et al. (2007)
Piccoli et al. (2007) +1 other reference
Piccoli et al. (2007)
Gaspari et al. (2019)
Piccoli et al. (2007)
Mattioli V. (1976) +1 other reference
Mattioli (1979) +1 other reference
        • Vallone del Vannino
Alberto Vaghi collection
      • Formazza Valley
        • Formazza
          • La Frua
//doi.org/10.57635/MICRO.2025.23.15
      • Omegna
        • Brughiere
//doi.org/10.57635/MICRO.2025.23.20
      • Premia
Roggiani (1970)
Milanesi D. (1998)
Pedroni G. (1993)
Brambilla A. (1986)
      • Premosello-Chiovenda
Michele Verdi et al. (2025)
      • Varzo
Cuchet et al. (2016)
      • Villadossola
Rivista Mineralogica Italiana
  • Sardinia
    • Metropolitan City of Cagliari
      • Sarroch
Orlandi et al. (2013) +1 other reference
  • Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol
    • South Tyrol
      • Puster Valley District
        • Mühlwald (Selva dei Molini)
Franco Luca Bonino's collection
Franco Luca Bonino specimen and photo
Exel (1987)
      • Wipptal (Alta Vall'Isarco)
        • Pfitsch (Val di Vizze)
          • Sankt Jakob (San Giacomo)
            • Oberbergtal
Rocchetti (1989)
Folie et al. (2010)
Folie et al. (2010)
            • Unterbergtal
Hossfeld (1977)
            • Vizze Pass (Pfitsch Pass; Pfitscher Joch)
Folie et al. (2010)
Exel (1987)
Buscaroli et al. (1994)
    • Trento Province
      • Canal San Bovo
        • Vanoi Valley
          • Pralongo
Ferretti et al. (2015)
      • Castello Tesino
Ferretti et al. (2008)
      • Predazzo
Vecchi et al. (2013)
Giovanni Scapin Collection
  • Tuscany
    • Livorno Province
      • Campo nell'Elba
        • San Piero in Campo
Orlandi et al. (1997)
      • Capoliveri
        • Lacona
Degl'Innocenti M. (2011)
      • Collesalvetti
        • Parrana San Martino
Bonifazi (2020)
      • Livorno
Bonifazi (2020)
Rodolico (1942) +1 other reference
Bonifazi (2020) +1 other reference
Bonifazi (2020)
Marco Bonifazi collection
        • Rio Ardenza (Rio Popogna)
Giuliano bettini collection +1 other reference
Bonifazi (2020)
      • Rosignano Marittimo
Giuliano bettini collection +1 other reference
    • Massa-Carrara Province
Orlandi et al. (1994) +1 other reference
        • Torano quarrying basin
Del Tredici (1978) +3 other references
    • Metropolitan City of Florence
      • Gambassi Terme
        • Il Castagno
Betti et al. (2017)
      • Montaione
        • Iano (Jano)
Betti et al. (2017)
  • Veneto
    • Vicenza Province
      • Valli del Pasubio
Zordan et al. (2001) +2 other references
Japan
  • Fukushima Prefecture
    • Ishikawa District
      • Ishikawa town (Ishikawa-machi)
        • Wagu
- (2002)
- (2002)
  • Gifu Prefecture
    • Nakatsugawa City
      • Hirukawa
ex-Okamoto collection (2015)
  • Kyoto Prefecture
    • Kyotango city
      • Ohro (Ōro; Ouro; Ooro)
Ohe Rikosha specimens
    • Kyoto City
      • Sakyou-ku
        • Daimonjiyama (Nyoigatake)
Yamada (2004)
Hiroaki TANO photo
  • Nagano Prefecture
    • Minamisaku District
      • Kawakami-mura
Terashima et al. (2004)
  • Niigata Prefecture
    • Uetsu
Izumino et al. (2015)
Izumino et al. (2015)
Izumino et al. (2015)
  • Oita Prefecture
    • Bungo-Ono City
      • Obira Mine
Uehara et al. (2014)
  • Yamagata Prefecture
IZUMINO et al. (2014)
Kazakhstan
  • Jambyl Region
    • Moiynkum District
Jermolenko (2002)
  • Ulytau Region
    • Satpayev
Akhmetova et al. (2025)
Kenya
  • Kwale County
Berger et al. (2009)
Madagascar
  • Bongolava
    • Tsiroanomandidy District
      • Bevato Commune
Behier (1959)
  • Diana
    • Ambanja District
      • Djangoa Commune
        • Manongarivo Massif
Behier (1963)
Behier (1960)
  • Haute Matsiatra
    • Ikalamavony District
      • Fitampito
De Ascenção Guedes et al. (2008) +1 other reference
Malawi
  • Southern Region
    • Balaka
Garson
Garson
Morocco
  • Drâa-Tafilalet Region
Weiß (2006)
Mozambique
  • Tete Province
    • Zumbu District
[var: Niobium-bearing Brookite] Carvalho (Tete, Moçambique) +3 other references
Namibia
  • Erongo Region
    • Dâures Constituency
      • Brandberg Area
Tony Gill
  • ǁKaras Region
    • Berseba Constituency
      • Berseba Townlands Farm 426
        • Brukkaros Complex
[var: Niobium-bearing Brookite] Werner et al. (2001) +1 other reference
New Zealand
  • New Zealand Outlying Islands
    • Campbell Island group
Mac Beggs (1978) +1 other reference
  • West Coast Region
    • Westland District
      • Westland Tai Poutini National Park
Railton et al. (1990)
Norway
  • Agder
    • Valle
      • Strømsheia (Straumsheia)
Neumann (1955)
  • Akershus
    • Asker
      • Hurum
        • Grønsand
- (n.d.)
      • Røyken
Nordrum (1999)
Stensrud (2004)
    • Lunner
Sæbø (1966) +2 other references
Werner (2003)
        • RV 4 roadcuts
Werner (2003)
      • Øståsen
Kvamsdal (1993)
    • Nittedal
Kvamsdal (2018)
  • Buskerud
    • Drammen
      • Åssiden
Gunnar Raade (1969) +1 other reference
Nordli et al. (1997) +1 other reference
    • Lier
Hurum (1999)
  • Innlandet
    • Lom
      • Bøverdalen
Neumann (1985)
    • Nord-Fron
- (n.d.)
      • Vinstra
Gatedal (n.d.)
    • Sel
      • Sjoa
Selbekk et al. (1996)
    • Vestre Slidre
Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM- 6370 (Ex. Hans Chr. Berntzen collection)
Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM- 66349 (Ex. Hans Chr. Berntzen collection) +1 other reference
  • Nordland
    • Fauske
- (n.d.)
    • Hamarøy
      • Drag
Husdal (2008)
Nordrum (2004)
  • Oslo
    • Grorud
      • Bånkall
Self collected by P. Andresen.
    • Oslomarka
Kvamsdal (2018)
Raade (1972)
  • Østfold
    • Sarpsborg
      • Tune
Michaelsen (2020)
  • Telemark
    • Drangedal
      • Tørdal
Raade et al. (2000)
  • Vestfold
    • Larvik Commune
      • Malerød
Nordrum (2012) +1 other reference
      • Stavern (Fredriksvärn)
Larsen (2018)
Andresen et al. (2018)
  • Vestland
    • Ullensvang
      • Hardangervidda West
Nordrum (2015)
Nordrum (1999)
Griffin et al. (1977) +1 other reference
Garmo (1989) +1 other reference
Nordrum (2015)
      • Odda
        • Røldal
Størseth (2003)
Nordrum (2011)
Nordrum (2012)
Pakistan
  • Balochistan
    • Chagai District
Herb Obodda
Lavinsky (n.d.)
Grossmann (2004)
      • Char Kohan
Nauroz Nausherwani Collection.
      • Ras Koh Mountains
Bracke (n.d.)
Nauroz Nausherwani Collection.
Ikram Mineralogy.
  • Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province
    • Lower South Waziristan District
David Eicher +1 other reference
    • Peshawar District
      • Hameed Abad Kafoor Dheri
Aymeric Longi collection
Papua New Guinea
  • Enga Province
    • Mount Hagen
      • Mount Kare Valley
Barrick Gold Corporation
Poland
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
    • Jawor County
      • Gmina Bolków
        • Radzimowice
Siuda R. 2002: Titanium mineralization of the Stara Góra deposit (Kaczawskie Mountains, Poland)
Siuda (2001)
    • Jelenia Góra
Lis et al. (1986)
    • Kamienna Góra County
field work and sampling et al. (EDS, WDS)
    • Karkonosze County
      • Gmina Jeżów Sudecki
Lis et al. (1986)
Lis et al. (1986)
Lis et al. (1986)
      • Karpacz
Szełęg et al. (Karkonosze massif, Lower Silesia, Poland)
Traube (1888)
    • Legnica County
Lis et al. (1986)
    • Lwówek Śląski County
      • Gmina Lwówek Śląski
Lis et al. (1986)
        • Mojesz
Lis et al. (1986)
    • Polkowice County
      • Gmina Polkowice
Duczmal-Czernikiewicz et al. (2021)
  • Pomeranian Voivodeship
    • Człuchów County
      • Przechlewo commune
        • Nowa Brda
Godyń et al. (2002)
Portugal
  • Castelo Branco
    • Idanha-a-Nova
      • União das Freguesias de Zebreira e Segura
Gaspar et al. (2022)
  • Viseu
    • Sátão
      • Ferreira de Aves
        • Quinta da Madalena
desescaut.jy@voila.fr
    • Vila Nova de Paiva
Dias et al. (2009)
Romania
  • Caraş-Severin County
Szakáll (2002)
  • Harghita County
    • Ditrău Complex
Szakáll et al. (2010)
    • Gheorgheni
Szakáll et al. (2010)
Russia
  • Aldan Shield
    • Chara and Tokko Rivers Confluence
Konev et al. (1993)
Ivanov et al. (2018)
[var: Arkansite] Konev et al. (1996)
Dokuchits et al. (2022)
  • Buryatia
    • Mama River Basin
      • Maigunda River
Pekov (1998) +2 other references
  • Chelyabinsk Oblast
    • Kartalinsky District
Alekseev et al. (2007)
    • Miass
Anthony (1997)
    • Vishnevye Mountains
webmineral.ru (2016)
  • Kabardino-Balkaria
    • Chereksky District
[var: Niobium-bearing Brookite] Kaigorodova et al. (2021)
  • Khabarovsk Krai
    • Aldan province
Cook (2003)
    • Komsomolski ore district
Korostelev et al. (2016)
  • Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
    • Berezovo district
      • Saranpaul
Burlakov (1995)
Anthony (1997)
    • Man'-Khambo Mountains
Pekov (1998)
  • Krasnoyarsk Krai
    • Enisei Range (Yenisei Ridge; Enisei Ridge)
Silyanov et al. (2021)
  • Murmansk Oblast
...
PEKOV et al. (2013)
...
    • Northern Karelia
...
Kozlov +6 other references
  • Orenburg Oblast
    • Kvarkensky District
      • Aidyrlya River
Новгородова М.И. Самородные металлы в гидротермальных рудах et al. (in Rus.)
  • Sakha
    • Aldan
      • Ryabinovskoe Cu-Au deposit
Kochetkov A.Ya. (2006)
  • Sverdlovsk Oblast
    • Prigorodny District
      • Yuzhakovo
        • Alabashka pegmatite field
webcenter.ru (2002)
Saudi Arabia
  • Medina Region
Barrick Gold Corporation
Slovakia
  • Banská Bystrica Region
    • Banská Štiavnica District
      • Banská Štiavnica
Martin Števko-unpublished
    • Detva District
Rojkovičová
    • Revúca District
Koděra (1986)
    • Rimavská Sobota District
Koděra (1986)
Martin Števko-unpublished
Pauliš et al. (2002)
      • Tisovec
Koděra (1986)
  • Prešov Region
    • Vranov nad Topľou District
      • Vechec
Ďuďa
Slovenia
  • Škofja Loka
Janez Zavašnik collection
South Africa
  • Eastern Cape
    • Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality
      • Gqeberha
Reinhardt van Vuuren Collected in 2015
  • Limpopo
    • Sekhukhune District Municipality
      • Elias Motsoaledi Local Municipality
        • Groblersdal
Atanasova et al. (2016)
    • Waterberg District Municipality
      • Bela-Bela Local Municipality
Atanasova et al. (2016)
      • Thabazimbi Local Municipality
        • Thabazimbi
          • Glenover carbonatite
Cairncross et al. (1995)
  • North West
    • Bojanala Platinum District Municipality
      • Rustenburg Local Municipality
        • Rustenburg
          • Bulhoek
Atanasova et al. (2016)
  • Northern Cape
    • Namakwa District Municipality
      • Karoo Hoogland Local Municipality
        • Sutherland
Journal of African Earth Sciences ...
Cairncross et al. (1995)
Spain
  • Andalusia
    • Almería
      • Adra
Christian Rewitzer collection 2007 / ...
Miguel A. Fernandez Périz (2006)
      • Cuevas del Almanzora
        • Sierra Almagrera
Calvo (2009)
      • Macael
Jose Miguel Sola Fernandez collection
    • Córdoba
      • Belalcázar
        • La Ventosilla farmhouse
Rewitzer et al. (2018)
      • Torrecampo
Christian Rewitzer collection - SEM-EDS ...
  • Asturias
    • Tapia de Casariego
López (n.d.)
  • Catalonia
    • Lleida
      • Alt Urgell
        • Arsèguel
Joan Font (2016)
      • Aran (Val d'Aran; Aran Valley)
        • Vielha e Mijaran
André Castro specimen
      • Pallars Jussà
        • La Vall Fosca
          • La Torre de Cabdella
Màrius Asensi-Jordà Collection
      • Pallars Sobirà
Joan Rosell collection (analysis min-787)
  • Community of Madrid
Angel Ortiz Maellas specimen
Jimenez R. et al. (2004)
www.foro-minerales.com (n.d.)
    • Horcajuelo de la Sierra
Cólliga (1994)
  • Galicia
    • Lugo
      • Quiroga
        • Folgoso do Courel
          • Santa Eufemia
Victor Pais Collection
  • Murcia
    • Cartagena
      • Llano del Beal
Antonio Barahona Ortiz collection
    • Lorca
      • Ramonete
mineralespania.blogspot.fr (n.d.)
Sweden
  • Jämtland County
    • Krokom
Nysten (2020)
Nysten (2020)
  • Kalmar County
    • Västervik
Torstensson (2004)
  • Örebro County
    • Hällefors
      • Grythyttan
Lorin et al. (2009)
  • Värmland County
    • Filipstad
      • Persberg ore district
Chukanov et al. (2010)
  • Västernorrland County
    • Sundsvall
Sandström et al. (2010)
Switzerland
  • Bern
    • Frutigen-Niedersimmental
      • Kandersteg
        • Oeschinen lake area
Stalder et al. (1998)
      • Reichenbach im Kandertal
Bracke (n.d.)
Stalder et al. (1998)
    • Interlaken-Oberhasli
D Schläfli collection.
      • Meiringen
Stalder et al. (1998)
  • Glarus
    • Glarus Süd
      • Elm
Stalder et al. (1998)
  • Grisons
    • Bernina Region
      • Poschiavo
Romani (2000) +1 other reference
        • Bernina Pass area
Romani (2000) +1 other reference
Romani (2000)
Bedognè et al. (2006)
Bedognè et al. (2006)
    • Calanda
      • Haldensteiner Calanda
Bracke (n.d.)
      • Taminser Calanda
Bächtiger K. (1986)
    • Landquart Region
      • Landquart
Stalder et al. (1998)
    • Maloja Region
      • Bregaglia
        • Upper Val Bregaglia
          • Soglio
Stalder et al. (1998)
    • Moesa Region
      • San Vittore
        • Monticello
Stalder et al. (1998)
    • Surselva Region
      • Disentis
Stalder et al. (1998)
      • Medel (Lucmagn)
        • Val Medel
Jahn et al. (2010)
      • Trun
Stalder et al. (1998)
      • Tujetsch
        • Sedrun
Jahn (2008)
        • Val Curnera
Weibel et al. (1990)
Stalder et al. (1998)
      • Vals
Stalder et al. (1998)
Stalder et al. (1998)
    • Viamala Region
Stalder et al. (1998)
      • Thusis
Stalder et al. (1998)
Stalder et al. (1998)
  • Ticino
    • Blenio
      • Blenio Valley
        • Santa Maria Valley
          • Acquacalda
Stalder et al. (1998)
    • Leventina
      • Airolo
        • Fontana
Silvano Turati Collection
        • Lucendro Valley
        • Prevat Valley
Collection Sancassani-Raineri
      • Bedretto
        • Ronco
Kipfer et al. (1979) +1 other reference
    • Riviera
      • Riviera
        • Lodrino
Weiß (1982) +1 other reference
    • Vallemaggia
      • Cevio
        • Bavona Valley
          • Robièi (Alpe di Robièi; Lake Robièi area)
Weiß (1982) +1 other reference
              • Pizzo dell'Arzo
Weiß (1982) +1 other reference
www.mineralienatlas.de (n.d.)
            • Monte Basòdino northeast slope
Harjo Neutkens
  • Uri
    • Reuss Valley
      • Amsteg
        • Amsteg power station
De Bondt (n.d.)
        • NEAT Construction site
M Henrich collection
      • Bristen
Matteo Chinellato collection
      • Gurtnellen
        • Intschi
      • Ried
Stalder et al. (1998)
    • Schächen Valley
www.mineralien-ch.ch (2008)
    • Silenen
      • Maderanertal
        • Bänder Valley
Stalder et al. (1998)
        • Brunni Valley
Stalder et al. (1998)
Anthony (1997)
Stalder et al. (1998)
Stalder et al. (1998)
    • Urseren
      • Realp
        • Tiefenbach
aufschluss-1971-09-286
  • Valais
    • Entremont
      • Orsières
        • Ferret Valley
          • La Fouly
Cuchet et al. (2003) +1 other reference
Paolo Pastore Collection
      • Sembrancher
Stéphane Eggs & Alexandre Salzmann
    • Goms
      • Binn
        • Albrunhorn - Turbhorn area
          • Ofenhorn
Stalder et al. (1978)
Van der Burgt et al. (2015)
van der Burgt et al. (2005)
        • Giessen
Walter Gabriel (2005)
        • Lärchultini
binn.strahlen.org (n.d.)
      • Ernen
        • Ausserbinn
          • Binnachra (Binnackern; Binnachern; Binnacheren)
Parker et al. (1973)
      • Goms
        • Niederwald
Parker et al. (1973)
      • Obergoms
        • Oberwald
          • Furka pass area
            • Gletsch
Personally collected by Günter Frenz
Parker et al. (1973)
        • Ulrichen
Kipfer (1981) +1 other reference
    • Martigny
      • Mont Chemin mining district
      • Trient
    • Östlich Raron
      • Grengiols
        • Chummibort
Cuchet et al. (2014)
        • Saflisch Valley
    • Saint-Maurice
      • Finhaut
        • Emosson
Meisser (2012)
Anthony (1997)
        • Les Marécottes
Stalder et al. (1998)
    • Sion
      • Sion
        • Chandoline
Stalder et al. (1998)
    • Visp
      • Baltschieder
Parker et al. (1973)
      • St. Niklaus
Erik Vercammen collection
    • Westlich Raron
Soom (1986) +1 other reference
Ko Jansen
        • Goppenstein
erik vercammen field observations and ...
Rüegg (2005)
Rüegg (2005)
Rüegg (2005)
      • Steg-Hohtenn
        • Mittal
Schad (1989)
Weibel et al. (1990)
Taiwan
  • Hualien County
    • Zhuoxi Township
Ko-Chun Huang Collection
  • Pingtung County
Li et al. (2000)
Li et al. (2000)
Tajikistan
  • Districts of Republican Subordination
I. Pekov data pers. comm L. Horvath 2008
UK
  • England
    • Cornwall
      • Calstock
        • Drakewalls
Rust (1998)
        • Gunnislake
Golley et al. (1995) +1 other reference
      • Camborne
        • Beacon
      • Gwennap
        • St Day United Mines (Poldice Mines)
      • Linkinhorne
        • Minions
      • Porthleven
G.Curtis collection.
      • St Cleer
        • Craddock Moor
LeBoutillier et al. (2003)
      • Tintagel
Golley et al. (1995)
        • Treknow
Golley et al. (1995)
    • Cumbria
Rastall et al. (1915) +1 other reference
      • Eden
        • Mungrisdale
Stansfield Kitchen (1934)
        • Shap Rural
Day (1999)
    • Devon
      • West Devon
        • Buckland Monachorum
S. Rust collection
        • Okehampton Hamlets
    • North Yorkshire
      • Redcar and Cleveland
        • Guisborough
          • Upleatham mines
C. R. Lindsey (1905)
  • Scotland
    • South Ayrshire
Harrison et al. (1987) +1 other reference
    • Stirling
Livingstone
  • Wales
    • Gwynedd
      • Dolbenmaen
        • Prenteg
          • Fron Olau
Day (1999)
      • Ffestiniog
Day (1999)
        • Tanygrisiau
Green et al. (1996)
      • Llanycil
      • Pwllheli
National Museum of Wales collection
      • Talsarnau
Wolfe et al. (2008)
    • Pembrokeshire
      • Wolfscastle
    • Wrexham
      • Ceiriog Ucha
Ukraine
  • Zhytomyr Oblast
    • Zhytomyr Raion
Lyckberg et al. (2009)
USA
  • Alaska
    • Matanuska-Susitna Borough
      • Willow Creek Mining District
USGS Bull 933-C
    • Valdez-Cordova Census Area
      • Chisana Mining District
Wayland
    • Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area
- (2008)
- (2008)
  • Arizona
    • Cochise County
Anthony et al. (1995)
      • Tombstone Mining District
Thorne (n.d.)
    • Gila County
      • Globe-Miami Mining District
Galbraith (1959) +1 other reference
    • Pima County
      • Ajo Mining District
        • Little Ajo Mountains
          • Ajo
Gilluly (1946) +1 other reference
    • Santa Cruz County
      • Patagonia Mountains
        • Patagonia Mining District
          • Duquesne-Washington Camp
            • San Antonio Canyon
Anthony et al. (1995)
Muntyan (2012)
  • Arkansas
    • Garland County
      • Blue Springs
Rocks & Min.: 63:108.
    • Hot Spring County
- (2005)
[var: Arkansite, var: Niobium-bearing Brookite] Erickson +3 other references
V.C. Fryklund and D.F. Holbrook (1950) +1 other reference
Smith (1994)
Smith (1989)
Horváth Collection - confirmed visually +1 other reference
Rocks & Min.: 63: 109. +3 other references
Rocks & Min.: 63: 109.
Rocks & Min.: 63:110. +1 other reference
Smith (1988)
Rocks & Min.: 63:110. +3 other references
Smith (1988)
Rocks & Min.: 63:110.
Smith (1997)
Rocks & Minerals 63:2 pp 104-125 +1 other reference
Josh Varnedore Collection
Rocks & Min.: 63:109. +2 other references
Howard (2007)
    • Pulaski County
      • Little Rock
Smith (1988) +1 other reference
Henry Barwood - unpublished (2010)
  • California
    • El Dorado County
      • East Segment Mother Lode
        • Georgetown District
          • Georgetown
Hadley (2000)
      • Placerville Mining District
        • Placerville (Hangtown)
Kunz (1892) +5 other references
    • Kern County
      • El Paso Mountains District
        • Ricardo
Murdoch (1966) +2 other references
    • Placer County
      • Ralston Divide Mining District
Tony Charlton
    • Trinity County
      • Mad River Rock
Cooper et al. (2000)
  • Colorado
    • El Paso County
Hanson et al. (2013)
    • Fremont County
      • Gem Park complex
USGS Prof Paper 649
    • Gunnison County
      • Cebolla Mining District (Goose Creek Mining District)
        • Lot mine
R. Peter Richards +1 other reference
      • Goose Creek Mining District
Page et al. (1956) +2 other references
      • White Earth Mining District (Powderhorn Mining District)
Kile et al. (1994) +1 other reference
    • La Plata County
      • Durango Area
Eckel et al. (1997)
    • Lake County
      • Climax Mining District
        • Climax
Freeport-McMoRan
    • Ouray County
      • Gray Copper Gulch
Eckel et al. (1997)
Robert Stoufer collection
Kile et al. (1994)
Eckel et al. (1997)
      • Ouray Mining District
        • The Amphitheater
Rocks & Minerals 70:180-187
        • Upper Uncompahgre River
Tom Rosemeyer (1993) +1 other reference
Eckel et al. (1997)
  • Connecticut
    • Fairfield County
      • Trumbull
        • Long Hill
Januzzi (1994)
Weber et al. (1995)
Rocks & Minerals (1995)
    • Litchfield County
      • Roxbury
        • Mine Hill
Januzzi +1 other reference
      • Thomaston
        • Thomaston Dam
Henderson (1995) +1 other reference
      • Watertown
Januzzi et al. (1976)
  • Idaho
    • Boise County
Ream (1995)
    • Latah County
Hwang et al. (2015)
    • Lemhi County
USGS PP1049-A (Staatz,1979)
  • Maine
    • Cumberland County
      • Bridgton
        • North Bridgton
King et al. (1994)
    • Oxford County
      • Paris
Guidebook 1 to Mineral Collecting in ... +1 other reference
Found by Lloyd W. Alexander in 8-2023 ...
    • Sagadahoc County
      • Topsham
        • Highland Green
Guidebook 1 to Mineral Collecting in ...
King et al. (1994)
  • Massachusetts
    • Hampden County
      • Chester
Lincks (1978)
Alan R. Plante
Alan R. Plante
    • Middlesex County
      • Chelmsford
Cook (1974)
      • Somerville
Gleba (2008)
Rocks & Min.: 22:11. +1 other reference
Rocks & Min.: 22:11. +1 other reference
    • Norfolk County
  • Michigan
    • Genesee County
      • Mount Morris
Heinrich et al. (2004)
    • Jackson County
Heinrich et al. (2004)
  • Montana
    • Jefferson County
The Lapidary Journal (W.C. van Laer) +5 other references
van Laer (1979)
Chris Tucker
        • Toll Mountain
Tucker (n.d.) +1 other reference
  • Nevada
    • Clark County
Castor et al. (2004)
Castor et al. (2004)
    • Lander County
      • McCoy Mining District
Castor et al. (2004)
    • Nye County
      • Lodi Hills
        • Lodi Mining District
          • Granite camp
Kleinhampl et al. (1984)
    • Pershing County
      • Antelope Mining District
Jensen (1993) +1 other reference
  • New Hampshire
    • Carroll County
      • Conway
        • Redstone
Rocks and Minerals (1990)
      • Ossipee
Janules (2004)
    • Hillsborough County
      • Merrimack
Tom Mortimer collection #u455
Cristofono (n.d.)
      • Nashua
Rocks & Minerals (1990) +1 other reference
    • Merrimack County
      • Hooksett
Tom Mortimer collection (reference added by Peter Cristofono)
  • New Jersey
    • Mercer County
      • West Windsor Township
Manchester (1931)
    • Sussex County
      • Franklin
        • Franklin Borough
Warren Cummings
        • Franklin Mine
King (n.d.)
Gordon (1951) +2 other references
FOMS Millsite Committee (1986)
  • New Mexico
    • Doña Ana County
      • Organ Mountains
M Massis collection +1 other reference
    • McKinley County
Northrop et al. (1996)
    • San Juan County
- (2005)
    • Santa Fe County
Northrop et al. (1996)
R&M 67:6 p390-395
    • Taos County
Northrop et al. (1996)
  • New York
    • Albany County
Robinson et al. (2007)
    • Ulster County
      • Wawarsing
        • Ellenville
Dana 7:I:592. +1 other reference
  • North Carolina
Cristofono (n.d.)
    • Burke County
      • Brindletown
Rocks & Min.:60:86.
    • Cleveland County
      • Lattimore
Jason B. Smith (visual identification)
    • Cumberland County
      • Fayetteville
Bernard et al. (2004)
Genth (1891)
    • Montgomery County
      • Badin
Am Min 67:356-359
  • Oklahoma
    • Kiowa County
      • Lugert
R&M 72:4 pp 252-264
Rocks & Min. vol. 72 (1997)
  • Oregon
    • Jackson County
      • Elliot Creek Ridge
K. Starnes
  • Pennsylvania
    • Chester County
      • Phoenixville
The Mineralogy of Pennsylvania +1 other reference
    • Delaware County
      • Middletown Township
        • Black Horse
Gordon's Min. Penn (1922)
    • Fayette County
      • East Millsboro
Byron F. King (1932)
    • Lancaster County
      • Little Britain Township
Dana 6:1069.
    • York County
      • Wrightsville
The Mineralogy of Pennsylvania 1966-1975 +1 other reference
  • Rhode Island
    • Newport County
      • Tiverton
Michael W. Kieron collection
    • Providence County
      • Cumberland
        • Ashton
Rocks & Minerals 61:281-284
Gems & Minerals 395 (August, 1970) +1 other reference
    • Washington County
      • Richmond
Miller (1971)
  • Utah
    • Beaver County
      • Milford
Matthias Rhinelander
    • Emery County
      • Emery
Bullock (1981)
Bullock (1981)
    • Tooele County
      • Gold Hill Mining District (Clifton Mining District)
        • Gold Hill
Thorne (n.d.)
        • Pole Star Copper Company Mine Group
Thorne (n.d.)
  • Vermont
    • Windham County
      • Putney
King et al. (1991)
  • Virginia
Dietrich (1990)
Dietrich (1990)
  • Washington
    • King County
      • Miller River Mining District
Aidan Cerenzie Collection
      • Snoqualmie Mining District
        • Hansen Creek
self collected
    • Skamania County
Zach Capel
    • Whatcom County
      • Mount Baker Mining District
Cannon (1975)
  • West Virginia
Overstreet (1967)
  • Wisconsin
    • Marathon County
Falster (1981) +1 other reference
Cordua (1998)
Cordua (1998)
        • Nine Mile Pluton
Thomas Buchholz
    • Wood County
      • Wisconsin Rapids
Buchholz (1996)
Uzbekistan
  • Navoiy
    • Central Kyzylkum Region
      • Zarafshan
        • Muruntau ore field
GRAUPNER et al. (2001) +1 other reference
Venezuela
  • Bolívar
    • Cedeño Municipality
PARTS (1981)
Zambia
  • Copperbelt Province
    • Lufwanyama District
- (Hanco)
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