Introduction
Astronomy is a natural science that studies celestial objects and the phenomena that occur in the cosmos. It uses mathematics, physics, and chemistry to explain their origin and their overall evolution. Objects of interest include planets, moons, stars, nebulae, galaxies, meteoroids, asteroids, and comets. Relevant phenomena include supernova explosions, gamma ray bursts, quasars, blazars, pulsars, and cosmic microwave background radiation. More generally, astronomy studies everything that originates beyond Earth's atmosphere. Cosmology is the branch of astronomy that studies the universe as a whole.
Astronomy is one of the oldest natural sciences. The early civilizations in recorded history made methodical observations of the night sky. These include the Egyptians, Babylonians, Greeks, Indians, Chinese, Maya, and many ancient indigenous peoples of the Americas. In the past, astronomy included disciplines as diverse as astrometry, celestial navigation, observational astronomy, and the making of calendars.
Astronomy is one of the few sciences in which amateurs play an active role. This is especially true for the discovery and observation of transient events. Amateur astronomers have helped with many important discoveries, such as finding new comets. (Full article...)
General images - load new batch
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π Image 1An amateur astrophotography setup with an automated guide system connected to a laptop (from Observational astronomy)An amateur astrophotography setup with an automated guide system connected to a laptop (from Observational astronomy)
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π Image 2An image of the Cat's Paw Nebula created combining the work of professional and amateur astronomers. The image is the combination of the 2.2-metre MPG/ESO telescope of the La Silla Observatory in Chile and a 0.4-meter amateur telescope. (from Amateur astronomy)An image of the Cat's Paw Nebula created combining the work of professional and amateur astronomers. The image is the combination of the 2.2-metre MPG/ESO telescope of the La Silla Observatory in Chile and a 0.4-meter amateur telescope. (from Amateur astronomy)
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50 cm refracting telescope at Nice Observatory (from Observational astronomy)
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Amateur astronomer recording observations of the sun. (from Amateur astronomy)
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The Nebra sky disk, Germany, 1800β1600 BC (from History of astronomy)
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The Hubble Space Telescope (from History of astronomy)
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π Image 8Places like Paranal Observatory offer crystal clear skies for observing astronomical objects with or without instruments. (from Amateur astronomy)Places like Paranal Observatory offer crystal clear skies for observing astronomical objects with or without instruments. (from Amateur astronomy)
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π Image 10Amateur astronomy groups are often involved in outreach to introduce astronomy to the general public (from Amateur astronomy)Amateur astronomy groups are often involved in outreach to introduce astronomy to the general public (from Amateur astronomy)
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π Image 11The main platform at La Silla hosts a huge range of telescopes with which astronomers can explore the Universe. (from Observational astronomy)The main platform at La Silla hosts a huge range of telescopes with which astronomers can explore the Universe. (from Observational astronomy)
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Ultra HD photography taken at La Silla Observatory (from Observational astronomy)
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π Image 15The inflationary theory as an augmentation to the Big Bang theory was first proposed by Alan Guth of MIT. Inflation solves the 'horizon problem' by making the early universe much more compact than was assumed in the standard model. Given such smaller size, causal contact (i.e., thermal communication) would have been possible among all regions of the early universe. The image was an adaptation from various generic charts depicting the growth of the size of the observable universe, for both the standard model and inflationary model respectively, of the Big Bang theory. (from Physical cosmology)The inflationary theory as an augmentation to the Big Bang theory was first proposed by Alan Guth of MIT. Inflation solves the 'horizon problem' by making the early universe much more compact than was assumed in the standard model. Given such smaller size, causal contact (i.e., thermal communication) would have been possible among all regions of the early universe. The image was an adaptation from various generic charts depicting the growth of the size of the observable universe, for both the standard model and inflationary model respectively, of the Big Bang theory. (from Physical cosmology)
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π Image 16Artist conception of the Big Bang cosmological model, the most widely accepted out of all in physical cosmology (neither time nor size to scale) (from Physical cosmology)Artist conception of the Big Bang cosmological model, the most widely accepted out of all in physical cosmology (neither time nor size to scale) (from Physical cosmology)
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π Image 17This image contains two side-by-side pictures of the night sky comparing the effects of light pollution on the visibility of celestial objects. (from Amateur astronomy)This image contains two side-by-side pictures of the night sky comparing the effects of light pollution on the visibility of celestial objects. (from Amateur astronomy)
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Arabic astrolabe from 1079 to 1080 AD (from History of astronomy)
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The Crab Nebula as seen in various wavelengths (from Observational astronomy)
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π Image 20An example of a gravitational lens found in the DESI Legacy Surveys data. There are four sets of lensed images in DESI-090.9854-35.9683, corresponding to four distinct background galaxiesβfrom the outermost giant red arc to the innermost bright blue arc, arranged in four concentric circles. All of them are gravitationally warpedβor lensedβby the orange galaxy at the very center. Dark matter is expected to produce gravitational lensing also. (from Physical cosmology)An example of a gravitational lens found in the DESI Legacy Surveys data. There are four sets of lensed images in DESI-090.9854-35.9683, corresponding to four distinct background galaxiesβfrom the outermost giant red arc to the innermost bright blue arc, arranged in four concentric circles. All of them are gravitationally warpedβor lensedβby the orange galaxy at the very center. Dark matter is expected to produce gravitational lensing also. (from Physical cosmology)
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A map of the southern celestial hemisphere, also by Bayer (from History of astronomy)
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π Image 229th-century diagram of the positions of the seven planets on 18 March 816, from the Leiden Aratea (from History of astronomy)9th-century diagram of the positions of the seven planets on 18 March 816, from the Leiden Aratea (from History of astronomy)
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π Image 23Sunset at the equinox from the prehistoric site of Pizzo Vento at Fondachelli Fantina, Sicily (from History of astronomy)Sunset at the equinox from the prehistoric site of Pizzo Vento at Fondachelli Fantina, Sicily (from History of astronomy)
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π Image 24ALMA is the world's most powerful telescope for studying the Universe at submillimeter and millimeter wavelengths. (from Observational astronomy)ALMA is the world's most powerful telescope for studying the Universe at submillimeter and millimeter wavelengths. (from Observational astronomy)
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π Image 25Babylonian tablet in the British Museum recording Halley's Comet in 164 BC (from History of astronomy)Babylonian tablet in the British Museum recording Halley's Comet in 164 BC (from History of astronomy)
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π Image 26One of the Oldest Observatories in South America is the Quito Astronomical Observatory, founded in 1873 and located 12 minutes south of the Equator in Quito, Ecuador. The Quito Astronomical Observatory is the National Observatory of Ecuador and is located in the Historic Center of Quito and is managed by the National Polytechnic School. (from Observational astronomy)One of the Oldest Observatories in South America is the Quito Astronomical Observatory, founded in 1873 and located 12 minutes south of the Equator in Quito, Ecuador. The Quito Astronomical Observatory is the National Observatory of Ecuador and is located in the Historic Center of Quito and is managed by the National Polytechnic School. (from Observational astronomy)
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π Image 27History of the Universe β gravitational waves are hypothesized to arise from cosmic inflation, a rapidly accelerated expansion just after the Big Bang (from Physical cosmology)History of the Universe β gravitational waves are hypothesized to arise from cosmic inflation, a rapidly accelerated expansion just after the Big Bang (from Physical cosmology)
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π Image 28Sir Patrick Moore was one of the world's leading popularisers of astronomy. (from Amateur astronomy)Sir Patrick Moore was one of the world's leading popularisers of astronomy. (from Amateur astronomy)
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π Image 29Map of the Milky Way Galaxy, with the constellations that cross the galactic plane in each direction and the known prominent components annotated including main arms, spurs, bar, nucleus/bulge, notable nebulae and globular clusters (from History of astronomy)Map of the Milky Way Galaxy, with the constellations that cross the galactic plane in each direction and the known prominent components annotated including main arms, spurs, bar, nucleus/bulge, notable nebulae and globular clusters (from History of astronomy)
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π Image 30Megaliths from Nabta Playa, constructed by Neolithic populations, located in Aswan, Upper Egypt. Excavations of the megalith structures were completed in 2008. (from History of astronomy)Megaliths from Nabta Playa, constructed by Neolithic populations, located in Aswan, Upper Egypt. Excavations of the megalith structures were completed in 2008. (from History of astronomy)
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π Image 31Segment of the astronomical ceiling of Senenmut's Tomb (circa 1479β1458 BC), depicting constellations, protective deities, and twenty-four segmented wheels for the hours of the day and the months of the year (from History of astronomy)Segment of the astronomical ceiling of Senenmut's Tomb (circa 1479β1458 BC), depicting constellations, protective deities, and twenty-four segmented wheels for the hours of the day and the months of the year (from History of astronomy)
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Calendrical functions of the Berlin Gold Hat c. 1000 BC (from History of astronomy)
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π Image 33A voting session is conducted in 2006 International Astronomical Union's general assembly for determining a new definition of a planet (from Astronomer)A voting session is conducted in 2006 International Astronomical Union's general assembly for determining a new definition of a planet (from Astronomer)
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π Image 34Overview of types of observational astronomy by observed wavelengths and their observability. (from Observational astronomy)Overview of types of observational astronomy by observed wavelengths and their observability. (from Observational astronomy)
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π Image 35Comparison of CMB (Cosmic microwave background) results from satellites COBE, WMAP and Planck documenting a progress in 1989β2013 (from History of astronomy)Comparison of CMB (Cosmic microwave background) results from satellites COBE, WMAP and Planck documenting a progress in 1989β2013 (from History of astronomy)
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π Image 36A map of the northern celestial hemisphere from Johann Bayer's 1661 edition of Uranometria, the first atlas to feature star charts covering the entire celestial sphere (from History of astronomy)A map of the northern celestial hemisphere from Johann Bayer's 1661 edition of Uranometria, the first atlas to feature star charts covering the entire celestial sphere (from History of astronomy)
π Image
Featured article - show another
Vega is the brightest star in the northern constellation of Lyra. It has the Bayer designation Ξ± Lyrae, which is Latinised to Alpha Lyrae and abbreviated Alpha Lyr or Ξ± Lyr. This star is relatively close at only 25 light-years (7.7 parsecs) from the Sun, and one of the most luminous stars in the Sun's neighborhood, being intrinsically brighter than any star nearer to the sun. It is the fifth-brightest star in the night sky, and the second-brightest star in the northern celestial hemisphere, after Arcturus.
Vega has been extensively studied by astronomers, leading it to be termed "arguably the next most important star in the sky after the Sun". Vega was the northern pole star around 12000 BCE and will be so again around the year 13724, when its declination will be +84Β° 14β², less than six degrees from the Pole. Vega was the first star other than the Sun to have its image and spectrum photographed. It was one of the first stars whose distance was estimated through parallax measurements. Vega has functioned as the baseline for calibrating the photometric brightness scale and was one of the stars used to define the zero point for the UBV photometric system. (Full article...)
Did you know - show different entries
- ... that Abell 2142, a galaxy cluster, is one of the most massive objects in the universe?
- ... that a jet from one of the component stars of Z Canis Majoris is over 11 light-years long?
- ... that Messier 58 is one of the brightest galaxies in the Virgo Cluster and is 1 of 4 barred spiral galaxies included in Charles Messier's catalog?
- ... that the asteroid 2014 AA entered Earth's atmosphere on the early morning of January 2, 2014, less than a day after it was discovered?
- ... that ATIC, a balloon-borne detector flying over Antarctica, recently found excess cosmic ray electrons that might provide evidence for dark matter consisting of Kaluza-Klein particles?
- .... that the Sun fuses about 620 million metric tons of hydrogen per seconds due to Gravity?
More Did you know (auto generated)
- ... that the galaxy NGC 1700 has a rotating hot gas disk glowing in X-rays after merging with another galaxy three billion years ago?
- ... that Susan Murabana created Africa's first permanent planetarium?
- ... that in many works of fiction, the asteroid belt is the remnants of a destroyed planet?
- ... that scientists have discovered a planetary system that can be described as "inside-out"?
- ... that novelist Hal Clement created the planet Mesklin in 1953 based on the real-world suspected detection of an extrasolar planet?
- ... that the Springfield Science Museum is home to the oldest operating projection planetarium in the United States?
WikiProjects
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| Credit: NASA / CXC / PSU / B. Posselt et al; Infrared: NASA / JPL-Caltech |
Geminga is a neutron star approximately 250 parsecs (around 800 light-years) from the Sun in the constellation Gemini. Geminga was the first example of an unidentified gamma-ray source. The Geminga image as seen by Chandra and Spitzer.
Astronomy News
- 3 March 2026 β
- Astronomers announce the discovery 1,900 light-years from Earth of TIC 120362137, the tightest known quadruple star system, using data from NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. (Space.com)
- 10 December 2025 β BrazilβChina relations
- Brazil and China begin constructing a joint laboratory for radio astronomic technology with the Federal University of Campina Grande and the Federal University of ParaΓba to support space research as both countries work on the BINGO radio telescope. (Reuters)
April anniversaries
- 2 April 1968 β The epic science fiction film, 2001: A Space Odyssey is released
- 3 April 2014 β NASA announces that the Cassini orbiter has found evidence of an underground body of water on Enceladus, a moon of Saturn
- 7 April 2001 β Mars Odyssey orbiter is launched to map and search for water on Mars
- 12 April 1961 β Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes the first human to enter outer space when he is launched into orbital flight in Vostok 1
- 19 April 1971 β The first space station, Salyut 1, is launched into orbit
- 24 April 1990 β The Hubble Space Telescope, a powerful research tool and public relations boon for astronomy, is launched into orbit
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Astronomical events
All times UT unless otherwise specified.
| 2 April, 02:12 | Full moon |
| 3 April, 22:59 | Mercury at greatest western elongation |
| 7 April, 08:32 | Moon at apogee |
| 17 April, 11:52 | New moon |
| 19 April, 06:57 | Moon at perigee |
| 22 April, 19:02 | Lyrids peak |
| 25 April | Mars southern solstice |
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These books may be in various stages of development. See also the related Science and Mathematics bookshelves.
- Astronomy
- GAT: A Glossary of Astronomical Terms
- Introduction to Astrophysics
- General relativity
- Observing the Sky from 30Β°S
- Observing the Sky from 40Β°N
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