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VOOZH | about |
Intensive and Extensive properties are characterized as the physical properties of matter. Intensive property is a property of matter that does not change with the size of the sample, For example: pressure, density, etc. Extensive property is a property of matter that depends upon the amount of substance i.e. varies with the size of the material, like weight, volume, mass, etc.
👁 Intensive-and-Extensive-Properties
In this article, we will learn about the intensive and extensive properties of matter, examples of extensive and intensive properties, and differences between extensive and intensive properties of matter.
Table of Content
Intensive and extensive properties are terms used in the field of physical science to describe different types of properties exhibited by matter. The terms intensive and extensive were introduced by Georg Helm in 1898, and by Richard C. Tolman in 1917.
The ratio of two extensive properties of a matter can be used to define an intensive property of that object. For example: the ratio of two extensive properties (mass and volume) gives density, which is an intensive property.
Examples of intensive property include melting point, boiling point, charge density, color, concentration, energy density, magnetic permeability, specific gravity etc. These properties of matter will not change with change in size of matter. The concentration of a liquid is independent of its amount, Similarly, the density of 500 ml oil is nsame as the density of 1 L oil.
Examples of extensive properties are mass, length, volume, weight, size, internal energy, etc. These properties varies with change in amount of the substance. For example, Volume of 500 ml of oil will always be less than the volume of 1 L oil. Hence, volume is a extensive properties which increases as size of matter increases and it decrease as size decreases. Extensive properties are proportional to the amount of the substance.
In thermodynamics, the concepts of intensive and extensive properties are crucial for describing and understanding the behavior of systems. Intensive properties in thermodynamics are those that do not depend on the size or amount of the system. Examples of intensive properties in thermodynamics include temperature, pressure, density, and specific heat capacity.
Extensive properties in thermodynamics are those that depend on the size or extent of the system. Examples of extensive properties in thermodynamics include internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, and volume.
The key difference between Intensive and Extensive properties of matter is illustrated below:
Intensive vs Extensive properties | ||
|---|---|---|
Basis of Comparison | Intensive Property | Extensive property |
Definition | Intensive Properties varies with mass of matter | Extensive Properties does not depend on the mass of matter |
Dependency | Its value is independent of the mass or amount of the substance. | Its value is dependent upon the mass or amount of the substance. |
Calculation | Its value cannot be determined. | Its value can be determined. |
Nature | It changes the internal nature of the substance. | It changes the appearance of the substance. |
Examples | color, density, freezing point, boiling point, melting point, solubility, etc. | mass, volume, weight, internal energy, length, size, etc. |
In this article we observed that we can define intensive and extensive properties of a matter. Intensive is a bulk property which does not changes with amount or size of matter meanwhile extensive properties varies with the amount or mass of matter. Both intensive and extensive property has several characteristics which is used to define several properties of matter.
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