3 bit Synchronous Down Counter

Prerequisite : Counter , Synchronous counter.

3 bit Synchronous Down Counter :

• In synchronous counter clock is provided to all the flip-flops simultaneously.
• Circuit becomes complex as the number of states increases.
• Speed is high.

Design : The steps involves in design are 

  1. Decide the number of Flip flops - 

N number of Flip flop(FF) required for N bit counter.

• For 3 bit counter we require 3 FF.
• Maximum count = 2ⁿ-1, where n is a number of bits.
• For n= 3, Maximum count = 7.
• Here T FF is used.

   2. Write excitation table of FF -

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 3. Draw State diagram and circuit excitation table -
      Number of states = 2^n, where n is number of bits.

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Here T = 1, then there is output state(next state changes from previous state) changes i.e Q changes from 0 to 1 or 1 to 0 
T= 0 then, there is no state output state changes i.e Q remains same 

 4. Find simplified equation using k map -

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 5.  Create circuit diagram -
The clock is provided to every Flip flop at same instant of time. 
The toggle(T) input is provided to every Flip flop according to the simplified equation of K map.

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Explanation :  
Here -ve edge triggered clock is used for toggling purpose.

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As we see from characteristics table when T = 1, then toggling takes place and T =0 then it stores the output state.

• Initially Q₃ = 0, Q₂= 0, Q₁= 0.
• In simplified equation of K map we get T₁ = 1, therefore Flip flop 1 output Q₁ is toggle for every negative edge(because clock is negative edge triggered). Flip-flop(FF) 2 toggle input(T2) is connected to Q'_1. Therefore, Flip Flop 2 output state Q₂ is toggle only when there is clock falling edge  (i.e -ve edge triggering) and Q'₁ =1.
• Similarly, Flip flop 3 toggle input(T) is connected to Q'2 and Q'1. Therefore, Flip flop 3 output is toggle when there is clock falling edge and Q'2=1 and Q'1 = 1 .(as you can see from timing diagram)
• Therefore, we get output(as down counting Q3(MSB) Q2 Q1(LSB) after 8th -ve edge triggered clock the output of the three Flip flops again becomes Q3 = 0, Q2 = 0, Q1 =0.
• We get output(state changes) after every -ve edge clock pulse.
• By 3 Flip flop we get output as 2³-1= 7 to 0.