How to access the last element in a Pandas series?

Prerequisite: Pandas 

Pandas series is useful in handling various analytical operations independently or as being a part of pandas data frame. So it is important for us to know how various operations are performed in pandas series. The following article discusses various ways in which last element of a pandas series can be retrieved.

Method 1: Naive approach 

There are two naive approaches for accessing the last element:

• Iterate through the entire series till we reach the end.
• Find the length of the series. The last element would be length-1 (as indexing starts from 0).

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Method 2: Using .iloc or .iat

Pandas iloc is used to retrieve data by specifying its integer index. In python negative index starts from end therefore we can access the last element by specifying index to -1 instead of length-1 which will yield the same result. 

Pandas iat is used to access data of a passed location. iat is comparatively faster than iloc.  Also note that ser[-1] will not print the last element of series, as series supports positive indexes only. However, we can use negative indexing in iloc and iat.

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Method 3: Using tail(1).item()

tail(n) is used to access bottom n rows from a series or a data frame and item() returns the element of the given series object as scalar.

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