Python3 Program for Rotate matrix by 45 degrees

Given a matrix mat[][] of size N*N, the task is to rotate the matrix by 45 degrees and print the matrix.

Examples:

Input: N = 6, 
mat[][] = {{3, 4, 5, 1, 5, 9, 5}, 
               {6, 9, 8, 7, 2, 5, 2},  
               {1, 5, 9, 7, 5, 3, 2}, 
               {4, 7, 8, 9, 3, 5, 2}, 
               {4, 5, 2, 9, 5, 6, 2}, 
               {4, 5, 7, 2, 9, 8, 3}}
Output:
        3
      6 4
    1 9 5
   4 5 8 1
  4 7 9 7 5
4 5 8 7 2 9
  5 2 9 5 5
   7 9 3 3
    2 5 5
     9 6
      8

Input: N = 4, 
mat[][] = {{2, 5, 7, 2}, 
                {9, 1, 4, 3}, 
                {5, 8, 2, 3}, 
                {6, 4, 6, 3}}

Output:
    2
  9 5
 5 1 7
6 8 4 2
 4 2 3
  6 3
   3 

Approach: Follow the steps given below in order to solve the problem:

1. Store the diagonal elements in a list using a counter variable.
2. Print the number of spaces required to make the output look like the desired pattern.
3. Print the list elements after reversing the list.
4. Traverse through only diagonal elements to optimize the time taken by the operation.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

 4
 1 5
 7 5 6
 6 5 9 9
 3 5 3 7 8
 3 5 4 1 5 7
 8 1 6 7 5 3 1
7 0 6 4 8 9 1 4
 5 7 4 8 9 8 6
 3 2 7 9 3 0
 1 3 9 2 7
 5 1 5 1
 9 0 0
 8 8
 5

Time Complexity: O(N²)
Auxiliary Space: O(N) since using list for auxiliary space

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