Process Of JPEG Data compression

JPEG stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group. We perform such type of compression to reduce the size of the file without damaging its quality. By reducing the size we can store it in a huge amount which was not possible earlier. Reducing the size of images will also improve the efficiency of the system as it will give less load on it. 


Process Of JPEG Compression : 
Firstly, we convert the R, G, B color format to Y, Cb, Cr format. Some colors are more sensitive to human eyes and thus are high-frequency colors. Some colors of chromium compounds like Cb and Cr are less sensitive to human eyes thus can be ignored. Then we reduce the size of pixels in downsampling. We divide our image into 8*8 pixels and perform forward DCT(Direct Cosine Transformation). Then we perform quantization using quantum tables and we compress our data using various encoding methods like run-length encoding and Huffman encoding. 


In the second stage, we decompress our data, It involves decoding where we decode our data, and we again de-quantize our data by referring to the quantization table. Then we perform Inverse DCT and upsampling to convert it into original pixels and finally, color transformation takes place to convert the image into its original color format. 

 

Algorithm of JPEG Data Compression : 

 

1. Splitting - 
   We split our image into the blocks of 8*8 blocks. It forms 64 blocks in which each block is referred to as 1 pixel. 
   
    
2. Color Space Transform - 
   In this phase, we convert R, G, B to Y, Cb, Cr model. Here Y is for brightness, Cb is color blueness and Cr stands for Color redness. We transform it into chromium colors as these are less sensitive to human eyes thus can be removed. 
   
    
3. Apply DCT - 
   We apply Direct cosine transform on each block. The discrete cosine transform (DCT) represents an image as a sum of sinusoids of varying magnitudes and frequencies. 
   
    
4. Quantization - 
   In the Quantization process, we quantize our data using the quantization table. 
   
    
5. Serialization - 
   In serialization, we perform the zig-zag scanning pattern to exploit redundancy. 
   
    
6. Vectoring - 
   We apply DPCM (differential pulse code modeling) on DC elements. DC elements are used to define the strength of colors. 
   
    
7. Encoding - 
   In the last stage, we apply to encode either run-length encoding or Huffman encoding. The main aim is to convert the image into text and by applying any encoding we convert it into binary form (0, 1) to compress the data.