NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 14 Statistics

NCERT Solutions Class 10 Maths Chapter 14 Statistics - This article is a useful resource containing free NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 14 Statistics. These NCERT solutions have been developed by the subject matter experts at GFG to assist students in easily solving questions related to Statistics from the NCERT textbook.

These NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 14 Statistics cover all four exercises of the NCERT Class 10 Maths Chapter 14 according to the latest CBSE syllabus 2023-24 and guidelines, which are as follows:

Class 10 Maths NCERT Solutions Chapter 14 Statistics Exercises
NCERT Maths Solutions Class 10 Chapter 14 Statistics Exercise 14.1 – 9 Questions (9 Long Answers)
NCERT Maths Solutions Class 10 Chapter 14 Statistics Exercise 14.2 – 6 Questions (6 Long Answers)
NCERT Maths Solutions Class 10 Chapter 14 Statistics Exercise 14.3 – 7 Questions (7 Long Answers)
NCERT Maths Solutions Class 10 Chapter 14 Statistics Exercise 14.4– 3 Questions (3 Long Answers)

NCERT Class 10 Maths Chapter 14 Statistics will help the students learn important statistical concepts like mean, mode, standard deviation, and the graphical depiction of cumulative frequency distribution.

The solutions to all the problems in this Chapter 14 Statistics exercises from the NCERT textbook have been properly covered in the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 14 Statistics Exercise 14.1

Question 1. A survey was conducted by a group of students as a part of their environment awareness program, in which they collected the following data regarding the number of plants in 20 houses in a locality. Find the mean number of plants per house.

Number of Plants	0-2	2-4	4-6	6-8	8-10	10-12	12-14
Number of houses	1	2	1	5	6	2	3

Which method did you use for finding the mean, and why?

Solution: 

Step 1: Let us find out the Class Mark (x_i) for the following class intervals by using the formula

Class Mark = (Upper class Limit + Lower Class Limit)/2

Step 2: Now, we will multiply the classmark with the number of times they have occurred, i.e, with the frequency.

Step 3: Now we will apply the general formula to calculate the mean

Now, Let's see the detailed solution: 

No.of Plants (Class Interval)	No. of Houses (Frequency) (fi)	Class Mark (xi)	fi * xi
0-2	1	1	1
2-4	2	3	6
4-6	1	5	5
6-8	5	7	35
8-10	6	9	54
10-12	2	11	22
12-14	3	13	39
Sum: ∑ fi = 20	Sum: ∑ fixi = 162

Now, after creating this table we will be able to find the mean very easily -

= 16

= 8.1

Hence, we come to the conclusion that the number of plants per house is 8.1. Since the numeral value of frequency(fi) and the class mark(xi) is small so we use DIRECT METHOD to find the mean number of plants per house.

Question 2. Consider the following distribution of daily wages of 50 workers of a factory.

Daily Wages (in ₹)	500-520	520-540	540-560	560-580	580-600
Number of Workers	12	14	8	6	10

Find the mean daily wages of the workers of the factory by using an appropriate method.

Solution:

Step 1: Let us find out the Class Mark (xi) for the following class intervals by using the formula

Class Mark = (Upper class Limit + Lower Class Limit)/2

Step 2: In this case, the value of mid-point (xi) is very large, so let us assume the mean value, A = 150, and the class interval is h = 20.

u_i = (x_i – A)/h 

=> u_i = (xi – 150)/20

Step 3: Now we will apply the Assumed Mean Formula to calculate the mean

Now, Let's see the detailed solution: 

Daily wages (Class interval)	Number of workers frequency (fi)	Mid-point (xi)	ui = (xi – 150)/20	fiui
100-120	12	110	-2	-24
120-140	14	130	-1	-14
140-160	8	150	0	0
160-180	6	170	1	6
180-200	10	190	2	20
Total	Sum ∑fi = 50	Sum ∑fiui = -12

So, the formula to find out the mean is:

Mean = 

           = 150 + (20 × -12/50) 

           = 150 – 4.8

           = 145.20

Thus, mean daily wage of the workers = Rs. 145.20.

Question 3. The following distribution shows the daily pocket allowance of children of a locality.The mean pocket allowance is Rs 18. Find the missing frequency f.

Daily pocket allowance (in ₹)	11-13	13-15	15-17	17-19	19-21	21-23	23-25
Number of children	7	6	9	13	f	5	4

Solution:

Step 1: Let us find out the Class Mark (xi) for the following class intervals by using the formula

Class Mark = (Upper class Limit + Lower Class Limit)/2

Step 2: Now, we will multiply the classmark with the number of times they have occurred, i.e, with the frequency. As a certain frequency is missing and we have an odd number of class intervals hence, we will assume the middle-Class Mark as our Assumed Mean(A).

Step 3: Now we will apply the general formula to calculate the mean

Now, Let's see the detailed solution: 

Class interval	Number of children (fi)	Mid-point (xi)	fixi
11-13	7	12	84
13-15	6	14	84
15-17	9	16	144
17-19	13	18 = A	234
19-21	f	20	20f
21-23	5	22	110
23-25	4	24	96
Total	∑ fi = 44 + f	Sum ∑fixi = 752 + 20f

The mean formula is

Mean = 

          = (752 + 20f)/(44 + f)

Now substitute the values and equate to find the missing frequency (f)

⇒ 18 = (752 + 20f)/(44 + f)

⇒ 18(44 + f) = (752 + 20f)

⇒ 792 + 18f = 752 + 20f

⇒ 792 + 18f = 752 + 20f

⇒ 792 – 752 = 20f – 18f

⇒ 40 = 2f

⇒ f = 20

So, the missing frequency, f = 20.

Question 4. Thirty women were examined in a hospital by a doctor and the number of heartbeats per minute was recorded and summarized as follows. Find the mean heartbeats per minute for these women, choosing a suitable method.

Number of heartbeats per minute	65-68	68-71	71-74	74-77	77-80	80-83	83-86
Number of Women	2	4	3	8	7	4	2

Solution:

Step 1: Let us find out the Class Mark (xi) for the following class intervals by using the formula

Class Mark = (Upper class Limit + Lower Class Limit)/2

Step 2: In this case, the value of mid-point (xi) is very large, so let us assume the mean value, A = 75.5 and class size is h = 3.

d_i = (x_i – A) 

=> d_i = (x_i – 75.5)

Step 3: Now we will apply the Assumed Mean Formula to calculate the mean

Now, Let's see the detailed solution: 

Class Interval	Number of women (fi)	Mid-point (xi)	di = (xi – 75.5)	fidi
65-68	2	66.5	-9	-18
68-71	4	69.5	-6	-24
71-74	3	72.5	-3	-9
74-77	8	75.5 = A	0	0
77-80	7	78.5	3	21
80-83	4	81.5	6	24
83-86	2	84.5	9	18
Sum ∑fi = 30	Sum ∑fiui = 12

Mean = 

= 75.5 + (12/30)

= 75.5 + 2/5

= 75.5 + 0.4

= 75.9

Therefore, the mean heartbeats per minute for these women is 75.9

Question 5. In a retail market, fruit vendors were selling mangoes kept in packing boxes. These boxes contained varying numbers of mangoes. The following was the distribution of mangoes according to the number of boxes.

Number of Mangoes	50-52	53-55	56-58	59-61	62-64
Number of Boxes	15	110	135	115	25

Find the mean number of mangoes kept in a packing box. Which method of finding the mean did you choose?

Solution:

Step 1: In the above table we find that the class intervals are not continuous and hence to make them a continuous set of data we add  0.5 to the upper limit and subtract 0.45 from the lower limit as the gap between two intervals is 1. Then find the Mid Point by using the formula 

Class Mark = (Upper class Limit + Lower Class Limit)/2

Step 2: In this case, let us assume the mean value, A = 57 and class size is h = 3.

Step 3: Since the frequency values are big, hence we are using the STEP-DEVIATION METHOD.

Now, Lets see the detailed solution: 

Class Interval	Number of boxes (fi)	Mid-point (xi)	di = xi – A	ui=(xi – A)/h	fiui
49.5-52.5	15	51	-6	-2	-30
52.5-55.5	110	54	-3	-1	-110
55.5-58.5	135	57 =A	0	0	0
58.5-61.5	115	60	3	1	115
61.5-64.5	25	63	6	2	50
Sum ∑fi = 400	Sum ∑fiui = 25

Mean = 

= 57 + 3 * (25/400)

= 57 + 0.1875

= 57.19

Therefore, the mean number of mangoes kept in a packing box is 57.19

Question 6. The table below shows the daily expenditure on the food of 25 households in a locality. Find the mean daily expenditure on food by a suitable method.

Daily Expenditure (in ₹)	100-150	150-200	200-250	250-300	300-350
Number of Households	4	5	12	2	2

Solution:

Step 1: Let us find out the Class Mark (xi) for the following class intervals by using the formula

Class Mark = (Upper class Limit + Lower Class Limit)/2

Step 2: In this case, the value of mid-point (xi) is very large, so let us assume the mean value, A = 225 and class size is h = 50.

d_i = (x_i – A) 

=> d_i = (x_i – 225)

u_i = (x_i – A)/h

=> u_i = (x_i – 225)/50

Step 3: Now we will apply the Step Deviation Formula to calculate the mean

Now, Let's see the detailed solution: 

Class Interval	Number of households (fi)	Mid-point (xi)	di = xi – A	ui = di/50	fiui
100-150	4	125	-100	-2	-8
150-200	5	175	-50	-1	-5
200-250	12	225 = A	0	0	0
250-300	2	275	50	1	2
300-350	2	325	100	2	4
Sum ∑fi = 25	Sum ∑fiui = -7

Mean = 

= 225 + 50 (-7/25)

= 225 - 14

= 211

Therefore, the mean daily expenditure on food is ₹211

Question 7. To find out the concentration of SO₂ in the air (in parts per million, i.e., ppm), the data was collected for 30 localities in a certain city and is presented below:

Concentration of SO2 (in ppm)	Frequency
0.00-0.04	4
0.04-0.08	9
0.08-0.12	9
0.12-0.16	2
0.16-0.20	4
0.20-0.24	2

Find the mean concentration of SO₂ in the air.

Solution:

Step 1: Let us find out the Class Mark (xi) for the following class intervals by using the formula

Class Mark = (Upper class Limit + Lower Class Limit)/2

Step 2: Now, we will multiply the classmark with the number of times they have occurred, i.e, with the frequency.

Step 3: Now we will apply the general formula to calculate the mean

Now, Let's see the detailed solution: 

Concentration of SO2 (in ppm)	Frequency (fi)	Mid-point (xi)	fixi
0.00-0.04	4	0.02	0.08
0.04-0.08	9	0.06	0.54
0.08-0.12	9	0.10	0.90
0.12-0.16	2	0.14	0.28
0.16-0.20	4	0.18	0.72
0.20-0.24	2	0.22	0.44
Sum ∑fi = 30	Sum ∑fixi = 2.96

The formula to find out the mean is

Mean = 

= 2.96/30

= 0.099 ppm

Therefore, the mean concentration of SO₂ in the air is 0.099 ppm.

Question 8. A class teacher has the following absentee record of 40 students of a class for the whole term. Find the mean number of days a student was absent.

Number of Days	0-6	6-10	10-14	14-20	20-28	28-38	38-40
Number of Students	11	10	7	4	4	3	1

Solution:

Step 1: Let us find out the Class Mark (xi) for the following class intervals by using the formula

Class Mark = (Upper class Limit + Lower Class Limit)/2

Step 2: Now, we will multiply the classmark with the number of times they have occurred, i.e, with the frequency.

Step 3: Now we will apply the general formula to calculate the mean

Now, Let's see the detailed solution: 

Class Interval	Frequency (fi)	Mid-point (xi)	fixi
0-6	11	3	33
6-10	10	8	80
10-14	7	12	84
14-20	4	17	68
20-28	4	24	96
28-38	3	33	99
38-40	1	39	39
Sum ∑fi = 40	Sum ∑fixi = 499

The mean formula is,

Mean = 

= 499/40

= 12.48 days

Therefore, the mean number of days a student was absent = 12.48.

Question 9. The following table gives the literacy rate (in percentage) of 35 cities. Find the mean literacy rate.

Literacy rate (in %)	45-55	55-65	65-75	75-85	85-95
Number of Cities	3	10	11	8	3

Solution:

Step 1: Let us find out the Class Mark (xi) for the following class intervals by using the formula

Class Mark = (Upper class Limit + Lower Class Limit)/2

Step 2: In this case, the value of mid-point (xi) is very large, so let us assume the mean value, A = 70 and class size is h = 10.

d_i = (x_i – A) 

=> d_i = (x_i – 70)

u_i = (x_i – A)/h

=> u_i = (x_i – 70)/10

Step 3: Now we will apply the Step Deviation Formula to calculate the mean

Now, Let's see the detailed solution: 

Class Interval	Frequency (fi)	Class Mark(xi)	di = xi – a	ui = di/h	fiui
45-55	3	50	-20	-2	-6
55-65	10	60	-10	-1	-10
65-75	11	70 = A	0	0	0
75-85	8	80	10	1	8
85-95	3	90	20	2	6
Sum ∑fi  = 35	Sum ∑fiui = -2

So, 

Mean = 

= 70 + (-2/35) × 10

= 69.42

Therefore, the mean literacy rate = 69.42%.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 14 Statistics Exercise 14.2

Question 1. The following table shows the ages of the patients admitted in a hospital during a year:

Age (in years)	5-15	15-25	25-35	35-45	45-55	55-65
Number of patients	6	11	21	23	14	5

Find the mode and the mean of the data given above. Compare and interpret the two measures of central tendency.

Solution:

The greatest frequency in the given table is 23, so the modal class = 35 – 45,

l = 35,

Class width = 10, and the frequencies are

f_m = 23, f₁ = 21 and f₂ = 14

Now, we find the mode using the given formula

Mode = 

On substituting the values in the formula, we get

Mode = 

= 35 + (20/11) = 35 + 1.8

= 36.8

Hence, the mode of the given data is 36.8 year

Now, we find the mean. So for that first we need to find the midpoint.

x_i = (upper limit + lower limit)/2

Class Interval	Frequency (fi)	Mid-point (xi)	fixi
5-15	6	10	60
15-25	11	20	220
25-35	21	30	630
35-45	23	40	920
45-55	14	50	700
55-65	5	60	300
Sum fi = 80	Sum fixi = 2830

Mean =  = ∑f_ix_i /∑f_i

= 2830/80

= 35.37 years

Question 2. The following data gives information on the observed lifetimes (in hours) of 225 electrical components:

Lifetime (in hours)	0-20	20-40	40-60	60-80	80-100	100-120
Frequency	10	35	52	61	38	29

Determine the modal lifetimes of the components.

Solution:

According to the given question

The modal class is 60 – 80

l = 60, and the frequencies are

f_m = 61, f₁ = 52, f₂ = 38 and h = 20

Now, we find the mode using the given formula

Mode = 

On substituting the values in the formula, we get

Mode = 

= 

= 60 + 45/8 = 60 + 5.625

Hence, the modal lifetime of the components is 65.625 hours.

Question 3. The following data gives the distribution of total monthly household expenditure of 200 families of a village. Find the modal monthly expenditure of the families. Also, find the mean monthly expenditure:

Expenditure	Number of families
1000-1500	24
1500-2000	40
2000-2500	33
2500-3000	28
3000-3500	30
3500-4000	22
4000-4500	16
4500-5000	7

Solution:

According to the question

Modal class = 1500-2000,

l = 1500,and the frequencies are

f_m = 40 f₁ = 24, f₂ = 33 and

h = 500

Now, we find the mode using the given formula

Mode = 

On substituting the values in the formula, we get

Mode = 

= 

= 1500 + 8000/23 = 1500 + 347.83

So, the modal monthly expenditure of the families is 1847.83 Rupees 

Now, we find the mean. So for that first we need to find the midpoint.

x_i = (upper limit + lower limit)/2

Let us considered a mean, A be 2750

Class Interval	fi	xi	di = xi – a	ui = di/h	fiui
1000-1500	24	1250	-1500	-3	-72
1500-2000	40	1750	-1000	-2	-80
2000-2500	33	2250	-500	-1	-33
2500-3000	28	2750	0	0	0
3000-3500	30	3250	500	1	30
3500-4000	22	3750	1000	2	44
4000-4500	16	4250	1500	3	48
4500-5000	7	4750	2000	4	28
fi = 200	fiui = -35

Mean = 

On substituting the values in the given formula

= 

= 2750 - 87.50

= 2662.50

Hence, the mean monthly expenditure of the families is  2662.50 Rupees

Question 4. The following distribution gives the state-wise teacher-student ratio in higher secondary schools of India. Find the mode and mean of this data. Interpret the two measures

No of Students per teacher	Number of states / U.T
15-20	3
20-25	8
25-30	9
30-35	10
35-40	3
40-45	0
45-50	0
50-55	2

Solution:

According to the question

Modal class = 30 – 35,

l = 30,

Class width (h) = 5, and the frequencies are

f_m = 10, f₁ = 9 and f₂ = 3

Now, we find the mode using the given formula

Mode = 

On substituting the values in the formula, we get

Mode = 

= 30 + 5/8 = 30 + 0.625

= 30.625

Hence, the mode of the given data is 30.625

Now, we find the mean. So for that first we need to find the midpoint.

x_i = (upper limit + lower limit)/2

Class Interval	Frequency (fi)	Mid-point (xi)	fixi
15-20	3	17.5	52.5
20-25	8	22.5	180.0
25-30	9	27.5	247.5
30-35	10	32.5	325.0
35-40	3	37.5	112.5
40-45	0	42.5	0
45-50	0	47.5	0
50-55	2	52.5	105.5
Sum fi = 35	Sum fixi = 1022.5

Mean = 

= 1022.5/35 

= 29.2

Hence, the mean is 29.2

Question 5. The given distribution shows the number of runs scored by some top batsmen of the world in one-day international cricket matches.

Run Scored	Number of Batsman
3000-4000	4
4000-5000	18
5000-6000	9
6000-7000	7
7000-8000	6
8000-9000	3
9000-10000	1
10000-11000	1

Find the mode of the data.

Solution:

According to the question

Modal class = 4000 – 5000,

l = 4000,

class width (h) = 1000, and the frequencies are

f_m = 18, f₁ = 4 and f₂ = 9

Now, we find the mode using the given formula

Mode = 

On substituting the values in the formula, we get

Mode = 

Mode = 4000 + 14000/23 = 4000 + 608.695

= 4608.695

Hence, the mode of the given data is 4608.7 runs

Question 6. A student noted the number of cars passing through a spot on a road for 100 periods each of 3 minutes and summarized it in the table given below. Find the mode of the data:

Number of cars	Frequency
0-10	7
10-20	14
20-30	13
30-40	12
40-50	20
50-60	11
60-70	15
70-80	8

Solution:

According to the question

Modal class = 40 – 50, l = 40,

Class width (h) = 10, and the frequencies are

f_m = 20, f₁ = 12 and f₂ = 11

Now, we find the mode using the given formula

Mode = 

On substituting the values in the formula, we get

Mode = 

Mode = 40 + 80/17 = 40 + 4.7 = 44.7

Hence, the mode of the given data is 44.7 cars

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 14 Statistics Exercise 14.3

Question 1. The following frequency distribution gives the monthly consumption of electricity of 68 consumers in a locality. Find the median, mean, and mode of the data and compare them.

Monthly consumption(in units)	No. of customers
65-85	4
85-105	5
105-125	13
125-145	20
145-165	14
165-185	8
185-205	4

Solution:

 Total number of consumer n = 68 

n/2 =34

So, the median class is 125-145 with cumulative frequency = 42

Here, l = 125, n = 68, C_f = 22, f = 20, h = 20

Now we find the median:

Median = 

= 125 + 12 = 137

Hence, the median is 137

Now we find the mode:

Modal class = 125 - 145,

Frequencies are

f₁ = 20, f₀ = 13, f₂ = 14 & h = 20

Mode = 

On substituting the values in the given formula, we get

Mode = 

= 125 + 140/13 

= 125 + 10.77

= 135.77

Hence, the mode is 135.77

Now we find the mean:

Class Interval	fi	xi	di = xi - a	ui = di/h	fiui
65-85	4	75	-60	-3	-12
85-105	5	95	-40	-2	-10
105-125	13	115	-20	-1	-13
125-145	20	135	0	0	0
145-165	14	155	20	1	14
165-185	8	175	40	2	16
185-205	4	195	60	3	12
Sum fi = 68	Sum fiui = 7

= 135 + 20(7/68)

= 137.05

Hence, the mean is 137.05

Now, on comparing the median, mean, and mode, we found that mean, median and mode are more/less equal in this distribution.

Question 2. If the median of a distribution given below is 28.5 then, find the value of x & y.

Class Interval	Frequency
0-10	5
10-20	x
20-30	20
30-40	15
40-50	y
50-60	5
Total	60

Solution:

According to the question

The total number of observations are n = 60

Median of the given data = 28.5

n/2 = 30  

Median class is 20 – 30 with a cumulative frequency = 25 + x

Lower limit of median class, l = 20,

C_f = 5 + x,

f = 20 & h = 10

Now we find the median:

Median = 

On substituting the values in the given formula, we get

28.5 = 

8.5 = (25 - x)/2

17 = 25 - x

Therefore, x = 8

From the cumulative frequency, we can identify the value of x + y as follows:

60 = 5 + 20 + 15 + 5 + x + y

On substituting the values of x, we will find the value of y

60 = 5 + 20 + 15 + 5 + 8 + y

y = 60 - 53

y = 7

So the value of a is 8 and y is 7

Question 3. The Life insurance agent found the following data for the distribution of ages of 100 policyholders. Calculate the median age, if policies are given only to persons whose age is 18 years onwards but less than 60 years.

Age (in years)	Number of policyholder
Below 20	2
Below 25	6
Below 30	24
Below 35	45
Below 40	78
Below 45	89
Below 50	92
Below 55	98
Below 60	100

Solution: 

According to the given question the table is 

Class interval	Frequency	Cumulative frequency
15-20	2	2
20-25	4	6
25-30	18	24
30-35	21	45
35-40	33	78
40-45	11	89
45-50	3	92
50-55	6	98
55-60	2	100

Given data: n = 100 and n/2 = 50

Median class = 35 - 45

Then, l = 35, c_f = 45, f = 33 & h = 5

Now we find the median:

Median = 

On substituting the values in the given formula, we get

Median = 

= 35 + 5(5/33) 

= 35.75

Hence, the median age is 35.75 years.

Question 4. The lengths of 40 leaves in a plant are measured correctly to the nearest millimeter, and the data obtained is represented as in the following table:

Length (in mm)	Number of leaves
118-126	3
127-135	5
136-144	9
145-153	12
154-162	5
163-171	4
172-180	2

Find the median length of leaves.             

Solution:

The data in the given table are not continuous to reduce 0.5 in the lower limit and add 0.5 in the upper limit.

We get a new table:

Class Interval	Frequency	Cumulative frequency
117.5-126.5	3	3
126.5-135.5	5	8
135.5-144.5	9	17
144.5-153.5	12	29
153.5-162.5	5	34
162.5-171.5	4	38
171.5-180.5	2	40

From the given table

n = 40 and n/2 = 20

Median class = 144.5 - 153.5

l = 144.5,

cf = 17, f = 12 & h = 9

Now we find the median:

Median = 

On substituting the values in the given formula, we get

Median = 

= 144.5 + 9/4 

= 146.75 mm

Hence, the median length of the leaves is 146.75 mm.

Question 5. The following table gives the distribution of a lifetime of 400 neon lamps.

Lifetime (in hours)	Number of lamps
1500-2000	14
2000-2500	56
2500-3000	60
3000-3500	86
3500-4000	74
4000-4500	62
4500-5000	48

Find the median lifetime of a lamp.

Solution:

According to the question

Class Interval	Frequency	Cumulative
1500-2000	14	14
2000-2500	56	70
2500-3000	60	130
3000-3500	86	216
3500-4000	74	290
4000-4500	62	352
4500-5000	48	400

n = 400 and n/2 = 200

Median class = 3000 – 3500

l = 3000, C_f = 130,

f = 86 & h = 500

Now we find the median:

Median = 

On substituting the values in the given formula, we get

Median = 

= 3000 + 35000/86 = 3000 + 406.97

= 3406.97

Hence, the median lifetime of the lamps is 3406.97 hours

Question 6. In this 100 surnames were randomly picked up from a local telephone directory and the frequency distribution of the number of letters in English alphabets in the surnames was obtained as follows:

Number of letters	1-4	4-7	7-10	10-13	13-16	16-19
Number of surnames	6	30	40	16	4	4

Determine the number of median letters in the surnames. Find the number of mean letters in the surnames and also, find the size of modal in the surnames.

Solution:

According to the question

Class Interval	Frequency	Cumulative Frequency
1-4	6	6
4-7	30	36
7-10	40	76
10-13	16	92
13-16	4	96
16-19	4	100

n = 100 and n/2 = 50

Median class = 7 - 10

Therefore, l = 7, C_f = 36, f = 40 & h = 3

Now we find the median:

Median = 

On substituting the values in the given formula, we get

Median = 

Median = 7 + 42/40 = 8.05

Hence, the median is 8.05

Now we find the mode:

Modal class = 7 - 10,

Where, l = 7, f₁ = 40, f₀ = 30, f₂ = 16 & h = 3

Mode = 

On substituting the values in the given formula, we get

Mode = 

= 7 + 30/34 = 7.88

Hence, the mode is 7.88

Now we find the mean:

Class Interval	fi	xi	fixi
1-4	6	2.5	15
4-7	30	5.5	165
7-10	40	8.5	340
10-13	16	11.5	184
13-16	4	14.5	51
16-19	4	17.5	70
Sum fi = 100	Sum fixi = 825

Mean = 

= 825/100 = 8.25

Hence, the mean is 8.25

Question 7. The distributions of below give a weight of 30 students of a class. Find the median weight of a student.

Weight(in kg)	40-45	45-50	50-55	55-60	60-65	65-70	70-75
Number of students	2	3	8	6	6	3	2

Solution:

According to the question

Class Interval	Frequency	Cumulative frequency
40-45	2	2
45-50	3	5
50-55	8	13
55-60	6	19
60-65	6	25
65-70	3	28
70-75	2	30

n = 30 and n/2 = 15

Median class = 55 - 60

l = 55, C_f = 13, f = 6 & h = 5

Now we find the median:

Median = 

On substituting the values in the given formula, we get

Median = 

= 55 + 10/6 = 55 + 1.666

= 56.67

Hence, the median weight of the students is 56.67

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 14 Statistics Exercise 14.4

Question 1. The following distribution gives the daily income of 50 workers if a factory. Convert the distribution above to a less-than-type cumulative frequency distribution and draw its ogive.

Daily income in Rupees	100-120	120-140	140-160	160-180	180-200
Number of workers	12	14	8	6	10

Solution:

According to the question, we convert the given distribution to a less than type cumulative frequency distribution, 

Daily income	Frequency	Cumulative Frequency
Less than 120	12	12
Less than 140	14	26
Less than 160	8	34
Less than 180	6	40
Less than 200	10	50

Now according to the table we plot the points that are corresponding to the ordered pairs (120, 12), (140, 26), (160, 34), (180, 40), and (200, 50) on a graph paper. Here x-axis represents the upper limit and y-axis represent the frequency. The curve obtained from the graph is known as less than type ogive curve. 

👁 Class 10 NCERT Chapter 14 Exercise 14.4 Solution

Question 2. During the medical check-up of 35 students of a class, their weights were recorded as follows:

Weight in kg	Number of students
Less than 38	0
Less than 40	3
Less than 42	5
Less than 44	9
Less than 46	14
Less than 48	28
Less than 50	32
Less than 52	35

Draw a less than type ogive for the given data. Hence obtain the median weight from the graph and verify the result by using the formula.

Solution:

According to the given table, we get the points (38, 0), (40, 3), (42, 5), (44, 9), (46, 14), (48, 28), (50, 32) and (52, 35). Now using these points we draw an ogive, where the x-axis represents the upper limit and y-axis represents the frequency. The curve obtained is known as less than type ogive.

👁 Class 10 NCERT Chapter 14 Exercise 14.4 Solution

Now, locate the point 17.5 on the y-axis and draw a line parallel to the x-axis cutting the curve at a point. From this point, now we draw a perpendicular line to the x-axis and the intersection point which is perpendicular to x-axis is the median of the given data. After, locating point now we create a table to find the mode:

Class interval	Number of students(Frequency)	Cumulative Frequency
Less than 38	0	0
Less than 40	3 - 0 = 3	3
Less than 42	5 - 3 = 2	8
Less than 44	9 - 5 = 4	9
Less than 46	14 - 9 = 5	14
Less than 48	28 - 14 = 14	28
Less than 50	32 - 28 = 4	32
Less than 52	35 - 22 = 3	35

The class 46 – 48 has the maximum frequency, hence, this is the modal class

l = 46, h = 2, f₁ = 14, f₀ = 5 and f₂ = 4

Now we find the mode:

Mode = 

On substituting the values in the given formula, we get

= 46 + 0.95 = 46.95

Hence, the mode is verified.

Question 3. The following tables give the production yield per hectare of wheat of 100 farms of a village.

Production Yield	50-55	55-60	60-65	65-70	70-75	75-80
Number of farms	2	8	12	24	38	16

Change the distribution to a more than type distribution and draw its ogive.

Solution:

According to the question, we change the distribution to a more than type distribution.

Production Yield (kg/ha)	Number of farms
More than or equal to 50	100
More than or equal to 55	100 - 2 = 98
More than or equal to 60	98 - 8 = 90
More than or equal to 65	90 - 12 = 78
More than or equal to 70	78 - 24 = 54
More than or equal to 75	54 - 38 = 16

Now, according to the table we draw the ogive by plotting the points. Here, the a-axis represents the upper limit and y-axis represents the cumulative frequency. And the points are(50, 100), (55, 98), (60, 90), (65, 78), (70, 54) and (75, 16) on this graph paper. The graph obtained is known as more than type ogive curve.

👁 Class 10 NCERT Chapter 14 Exercise 14.4 Solution

Key Features of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 14 Statistics:

• These NCERT solutions are developed by the GFG team, with a focus on students’ benefit.
• These solutions are entirely accurate and can be used by students to prepare for their board exams. 
• Each solution is presented in a step-by-step format with comprehensive explanations of the intermediate steps.

Also Check:

• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 1 Real Numbers
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 2 Polynomials
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 4 Quadratic Equation
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 5 Arithmetic Progressions
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Triangles
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 Coordinate Geometry