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Generate Factors with specified Levels in R Programming - gl() Function

Last Updated : 15 Jul, 2025
gl() function in R Language is used to generate factors by specifying the pattern of their levels.
Syntax: gl(x, k, length, labels, ordered) Parameters: x: Number of levels k: Number of replications length: Length of result labels: Labels for the vector(optional) ordered: Boolean value to order the levels
Example 1: Output:
 [1] 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2
Levels: 1 2
 [1] 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3
Levels: 1 2 3
Example 2: Output:
 [1] a a a a b b b b c c c c
Levels: a b c d e f g h i j k l
 [1] a a a a b b b b c c c c
Levels: a < b < c < d < e < f < g < h < i < j < k < l
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