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This tutorial is on village survival, a challenge involving surviving solely in a village.
First off, find a village. Walking around in biomes where they generate is the best strategy, if one is not found within a reasonable distance, trying again in a new world may be required. Make sure that villages can be generated. You can also use seed templates that spawn you in an area close to a village.
You can get the wood logs two ways: Search for trees growing near the village, or get the logs from the buildings. At this point, craft a crafting table and a full set of wooden tools. To get the stone, dig various dirt blocks and mine for cobblestone. Try to get enough to make the stone tools, a furnace, and two stacks to make a shelter. Getting iron to make a bucket is also important for establishing your own farms.
For this part, you can make a shelter, but this is the recommended design. It blends well with plains villages.
If you value your privacy and do not want villagers coming into your house to steal your bed or crowd around your workstation, consider using a fence gate in place of a door, as villagers cannot open those.
Before you begin amassing your emerald stockpile, survey the villager population to see what workers are available. Interact with each to see what can be sold.
Most villages typically have a farmer that gathers crops to distribute to the population so that they can replenish anyone lost to monster attacks. Farmers typically start with the ability to buy off wheat, carrots, potatoes, or beetroots. Wheat is the most accessible crop type due to the ease of getting wheat seeds, though you may occasionally find stray potatoes in villager chests. Carrots and potatoes are typically first obtained off zombies, and beetroot are the hardest to find, usually from dungeon chests.
You can also examine the village's own farms to see what kind of crops are growing. You can expand the farm to increase the crop yield, or steal seeds and start your own farm.
If there are librarians or cartographers, look for sugar cane in the vicinity to establish a sugar cane farm to create paper to sell to them. The availability of sugar cane or the ease of farming it will vary depending on biome.
If a shepherd is present, ensure that he offers to buy wool of the same color of the nearby sheep. Make a pair of shears to shear the sheep regularly to get a good stockpile of wool to sell.
If the villagers don't have favorable trades, you can break and replace their job block to re-roll their initial trades.
If the village has generated on a steep incline, such as the side of a mountain, and some villagers risk being isolated in the process, carve in stairs to make those houses accessible, or relocate the beds closer to the rest of the village.
Once you are ready to increase the village population to increase the number and variety of traders, you can either construct additional houses or modify existing ones to make room for more beds. You can also adjust some of the furniture within the village structures to make room for job blocks.
If setting down extra beds, ensure the bed is accessible and is at least two blocks of air above it so that the villagers will reproduce. Tossing six pieces of bread will also make a pair of villagers willing to breed.
If you find a stray zombie villager and you have the resources to cure it, catch it in a boat instead of killing it. See here for details.
The choice of job block for each unemployed villager will depend on the player's needs.
Estimate the perimeter of the village based on the naturally-generated paths, and set up fences or walls to keep hostile mobs, including Illager patrols, from getting in. Fill out any holes in the terrain to prevent villagers from falling into places where they cannot escape from. Light up the surroundings to prevent mobs from spawning within the village premises.
If you have a surplus of iron, consider creating your own iron golems to help patrol the surroundings.