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Monster rooms are structures that generate underground connected to caves or other generated structures. They contain up to 2 loot chests and a monster spawner that spawns zombies, skeletons, or spiders. The spawner can be farmed for experience and mob drops and the chests can contain useful and valuable items as well, so they are very good to find.
Monster rooms are sometimes refered to as 'dungeons' by the player base.
Monster rooms generate at any altitude provided they are next to a cave, even if "Generate Structures" is turned off, as it is considered a feature by the game's code. If you stumble along naturally generated cobblestone when mining or exploring underground, that's a good sign you might have found a monster room; however, water and lava mixing also generates cobblestone, so be careful when investigating, as what may appear to be a monster room might be a lava fall. Mossy cobblestone generates a lot in the floor, and there are only five naturally occurring sources of mossy cobblestone: monster rooms, jungle temples, pillager outposts, villages, ocean ruins and mossy cobblestone boulders. So, if you're not in a jungle biome or aboveground, you've definitely found a monster room.
Monster rooms also generate next to caves. Turning sound on can be significantly helpful and subtitlesβ[JE only] will also help. If you hear a lot of mobs of the same type in one direction, chances are there's a monster spawner nearby. The spawner has a chance to be a zombie (50% chance), skeleton (25% chance), or spider (25% chance). Unlike most generated structures, monster rooms cannot be located with /locate as they are a structure-like feature, not an actual structure. However, if you have access to the seed of your world, you can enter the seed and your edition into this map or into a website like Chunkbase.
Once you've located your monster room, turn on subtitles or sound to determine what type of monster room it is and how to prepare.
If you've found a zombie or spider monster room, immediately block up the entrance with building blocks, and make a 1Γ1 hole in the monster room's wall. If you can reach the spawner from the hole, place a torch or another light source on or near the spawner as soon as possible, so that fewer mobs will spawn in. Use your sword to fight the zombies and spiders as they come. New groups of 1-4 zombies or spiders will spawn every 10-40 seconds if the light level is insufficient, so when you've defeated all the current mobs in there, quickly break in and scatter torches everywhere to deter mob spawning. Don't look in the chests unless you're absolutely sure no mobs will spawn, as being ambushed while looking at a chest can be deadly. Remember that all monster rooms generate an entrance, so you could be attacked by creepers or skeletons from outside if you haven't prepared well.
The spawner in the center of the room is the key prize. You can destroy it if you like (it gives a modest amount of experience when broken with a pickaxe) but that is strongly discouraged unless you never, ever, ever want to farm the spawner. Once you're done, look in the chests. The loot normally contains a lot of things, but the best prizes are golden apples, horse armor, name tags, enchanted books, and saddles.
If you've discovered a skeleton spawner, follow the advice above except always have your shield at the ready. Skeletons will fire at you from afar, so have a bunch of arrows and know how to shoot as soon as the bow is fully charged. If you have enchantments on the bow, relatively high levels of Power can kill a skeleton in one shot.
Spawners can make very useful experience and mob drop farms.
All of these mobs will also drop experience upon death.
Advice on how to make farms of these mobs can be found on the spawner traps page.