Villager

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Villagers are humanoid passive mobs that inhabit villages, work at their professions (see Villager professions), breed, and interact with each other. Their outfit varies according to their occupation and biome, and a player can trade with them using emeralds as currency, with their prices affected by reputation.

Each villager spawns with an empty inventory. Villagers never spawn with armor or other equipment, but in Java Edition a dispenser can be used to equip armor on a villager.

Villagers can be found in villages, which spawn in several biomes such as plains, snowy plains, savannas, deserts, taigas, and snowy taigas‌^{[Bedrock Edition only]} and can cut into other biomes such as swamps and jungles. When the village is generated, unemployed villagers spawn in them, the number of which depends on the buildings in that village, as some buildings generate villagers inside and some do not.

Igloo basements always generate with one villager in the left cell and one zombie villager in the right cell.

• In Java Edition, the generated villager is always unemployed.^[1] The villager cannot pathfind to the brewing stand or cauldron to take on a profession unless some of the blocks confining them are broken. The generated zombie villager always has the profession of cleric and becomes unemployed once cured.
  • Both mobs are the plains variant. See § Appearance.
• In Bedrock Edition, the villager has a random profession and the zombie villager is unemployed.
  • Both mobs are the snowy variant.
  • The villager can change its professions to cleric or leatherworker, due to the presence of the brewing stand and cauldron. The zombie villager can do the same after being cured.
  • Changing profession takes time. If the player manages to trade with the villager before it changes its profession, the villager keeps its initial profession.
  • The zombie villager is unemployed immediately after being cured, so the player cannot lock in its profession.

Giving a zombie villager the Weakness effect and then feeding it a golden apple starts the curing process. After five minutes, it transforms into a villager, displaying purple Nausea status effect particles for 10 seconds after being cured.

The villager retains the profession it had, if it had one before turning into a zombie villager. If employed, a cured villager offers discounts on most of its trades.

In Bedrock Edition, if the zombie villager is spawned by a player, it adopts a randomly chosen profession. The villager can also be a nitwit, but it becomes a normal unemployed villager when cured.

In Java Edition, curing a zombie villager riding a chicken results in the villager riding a chicken. Eventually, the villager grows up and gains a profession while still being on the chicken.

Farmers using bone meal when farming have an 8.5% chance to drop it when killed by a player or tamed wolf. Each level of Looting increases the chance by 1% per level. Adult^[2] villagers can drop armor equipped through dispensers. Otherwise, a villager, whether it is an adult or a baby, does not drop any items or experience when killed.

When a villager dies or is converted to a zombie villager, any items in its hidden inventory slots are lost (see § Picking up items).

If a villager is displaying a trade item to offer a trade, it will not drop it when it dies. Villagers also do not drop any other trading-related items.

Upon successful trading, a villager drops 3–6XP.

Upon successful trading, while willing to breed, 8–11XP is dropped.

Curing a zombie villager with any armor or held items causes it to drop them as items.

In Java Edition, a villager can drop various items, depending on its profession, by throwing a gift toward a nearby player with the Hero of the Village effect. The gift is randomly selected from a list of items for the villager's individual profession, and there is a random cooldown before the villager can throw another gift.

Nitwit and unemployed villagers leave their homes at day and begin to explore the village. Generally, they wander inside the village during the day. They may go indoors or outdoors, periodically making mumbling sounds. Occasionally, two villagers may stop and turn to look at each other, in a behavior called socializing, during which they stare at another villager for 4–5 seconds at a time. They continuously stare at a nearby player unless the villager is trying to get into a house at night, farm food, work, or flee from a zombie or illager. Baby villagers may jump on beds and play tag with each other, similarly to how baby piglins and baby hoglins play tag.

In Bedrock Edition, baby villagers do not stop in order to stare at players, and thus continue moving as if the player is not there.

A villager tries not to travel far from its bed in a large village unless the job site or the nearest gossip site (bell) is far away.

Villagers emit green particles if they join a village, set a bed, or acquire a job site/profession.

Villagers run inside at night or during rain, closing doors behind them. They attempt to sleep at night, but if they cannot claim a bed, they stay indoors near a bed until morning. In the morning, they head outside and resume normal behavior. However, some villagers, such as nitwits, stay outside later than others unless being chased by an illager or zombie.

If a villager finds itself outside the village boundary, or a villager without a village detects a village boundary within 32 blocks, it quickly moves back within the boundary. A villager taken more than 32 blocks away from its village boundary forgets the village within about 6 seconds. Whether in a village or not, a villager never despawns.

Villagers, like most other mobs, can find paths around obstructions, avoid walking off cliffs of heights greater than 3 blocks, and avoid some blocks that cause harm. However, in crowded situations, one villager can push another off a cliff or into harm's way.

Villagers can open all wooden and copper doors and find paths to blocks of interest behind the doors. However, they cannot open any trapdoors, fence gates, or iron doors. Villagers can climb ladders, but do not recognize them as paths and do not deliberately use them. Any climbing of ladders seems to be a side effect of them being pushed into the block by another mob (usually by other villagers). Climbing a ladder can leave a villager stranded on the second floor and roof of some village structures, as they lack the necessary AI to intentionally descend ladders.

Like other passive mobs, villagers sprint away when attacked, but they also flee from some nearby mobs even before being attacked.

Zombies, zombie villagers, husks, drowned and zoglins attack villagers and cause them to flee.

Pillagers, vindicators, evokers, illusioners and ravagers cause villagers to flee but only attack adults. Vexes also cause villagers to flee but only attack adults when spawned by an evoker.

Pufferfish, wardens and withers attack villagers but don't cause them to flee until actually attacked.

When pathfinding, villagers prefer to stay on low cost blocks, such as dirt paths, cobblestone, bricks, and planks. They do this by trying to minimize the path cost of all of the blocks they walk across. They also avoid jumping, because it has a high path cost, but babies don't avoid it as much.

Unemployed villagers (other than babies and nitwits) seek employment at job site blocks (also referred to as workstations), and employed villagers use job site blocks to refresh their trades (see § Working). Villagers who have made their first trade must claim a site block that corresponds with their profession, whereas tradeless villagers may change their profession to match a site block.

In Java Edition, an unemployed villager claims job site blocks by searching for the nearest unclaimed site in a 48-block sphere. When a suitable site block is detected, the villager starts pathfinding to it, staking a provisional claim. This can occur only while the villager is awake. A provisional claim is released if the villager cannot reach the block within 60 seconds, however the villager may try again immediately.^[3] To fully claim the site and change profession, the villager must approach within a 2-block radius of the job site's center. When a job site block is fully claimed, its owner emits green particles, and no other villager can claim the block unless the owner relinquishes it.

In Bedrock Edition, all villagers in a village search for unclaimed job sites in a 16 block radius and 4 block height. If a site block is found, it is added to a shared list of valid job site blocks for the whole village. An unemployed villager with a bed claims the first site block on that list and immediately acquires the profession to match, regardless of the distance or accessibility to the site block.^[4] The villager can even claim the site block while sleeping. When a job site block is claimed, both the block and the villager making the claim emit green particles and the site block is removed from the list. If a villager cannot pathfind to its claimed site, both the site block and villager emit anger particles. The site block may need to be broken or interacted by a piston before the villager unclaims it.^{[verify for Bedrock Edition]}

Villagers can store positive and negative memories about players and share them with other villagers. A player's reputation is determined by these memories, and can be changed by trading with, curing, attacking and killing villagers, which influences trading prices and the hostility of iron golems.

Killing a villager increases the value of the corresponding gossip for all villagers whom it has a line of sight inside a box extending 16 blocks from the villager in all coordinate directions. Trading with, curing or attacking a villager only increases the value of the corresponding gossips for the targeted villager. Attacks and kills only result in negative gossip when villagers can determine their source, so indirect methods like fire, lava and suffocation from falling blocks can be used to kill villagers without losing reputation.

Villagers can share gossip by talking to each other, though the shared gossip's value will be decreased by the sharing cost. Because the cost of sharing the major gossip gained from curing is greater than its maximum, it can never be shared.

Every 20 minutes, all gossips of a villager decays by the amount in the "Decay" column. This rate does not depend on the time of day and cannot be sped up by sleeping. Because the decay of the major gossip gained from curing is 0, the gossip is permanent.

A player's total reputation with a villager is determined by multiplying each gossip's value by its respective multiplier and adding the results together.

When trading, villagers will change prices based on reputation. In Bedrock Edition negative reputation can only cancel out positive reputation and other price discounts but not increase the price.

Iron golems that were not built by players become hostile toward all players whose reputation is -100 or lower with any villager within a box centered on the golem and extending 10 blocks in every horizontal and 8 in both vertical directions.

Each villager has eight hidden inventory slots, which are initially empty when the villager is spawned. A villager can fill its inventory slots with items it picks up.

In Bedrock Edition, a villager does not intentionally seek out items to pick up, but does collect any bread, carrots, potatoes, wheat, wheat seeds, beetroot, beetroot seeds, torchflower seeds, pitcher pods, and bone meal within reach.​^{[more information needed]} In Java Edition, a villager seeks out these items within 4 blocks. The listed items are the only items villagers can pick up, although the /item replace command can put any arbitrary item into a villager's inventory. Bone meal can be picked up only by a farmer villager. In Bedrock Edition, only farmers can pick up seeds and wheat.

If a player and a villager are in the pickup range of an item at the same time, the player always picks it up first. If several villagers are next to an item, the same one picks up the item every time. This behavior prevents villagers from successfully sharing food or breeding in a small space.

When killed or converted to a zombie villager, any inventory item of the villager is lost, even when /gamerule keepInventory is set to true.

If /gamerule mob_griefing is false, villagers cannot pick up items, and farmer villagers cannot plant or harvest crops.

Like other mobs, villagers have four slots for worn armor, separate from their inventory slots. An adjacent dispenser can equip armor, elytra, mob heads or carved pumpkins to a villager,‌^{[Java Edition only][5]} but the armor is not rendered (except for carved pumpkins and mob heads). The equipment functions as normal; for example, a villager wearing an armor piece enchanted with Thorns can inflict Thorns damage to attackers, and a villager wearing Frost Walker boots is able to create frosted ice. If a villager is converted into a zombie villager, the armor it was wearing is dropped, though it may be able to pick it up and equip it again. A villager with Thorns III deals more damage to zombies that attacked the villager than the villager takes damage.

In Java Edition, villagers collect bread, carrots, potatoes, beetroots, wheat seeds, beetroot seeds, and wheat. If a villager has at least 24 of these items, it gives the extra amount to a villager with 4 or fewer of each of these food items. That other villager can also do this until all villagers have shared all items they could (for example, on a group of three villagers one receives 60 bread, then it shares 36 to another villager to keep 24,^[6] and that same villager then shares 12 to the third villager).

In the case of wheat, villagers have a distinct behavior. They do the same as other crops, but if a villager has at least 32 wheat, it tries to give half of it to another villager, making both have 16 wheat.

If a villager has 8 full^[verify] stacks of any kind of food or seeds and then tries to share with another villager, it leaves at least 24 items in each stack. Thus it can never empty inventory slots to pick up other items, unless it uses the items when trying to breed or when farming if it is a farmer villager.^[7][8] A bait villager can be used in a farm taking advantage of this mechanic to have a farmer villager collect and deposit crops.

In Bedrock Edition, if a villager has enough food in one inventory stack (6 bread or 24 carrots, potatoes, beetroots, or 18 wheat for farmers only) and sees a villager without enough food in one inventory stack (3 bread, 12 carrots, 12 potatoes, or 12 beetroots for non-farmers; 15 bread, 60 carrots, 60 potatoes, or 60 beetroots, or 45 wheat for farmers), the villager may decide to share food with that villager.

To share, a villager finds its first inventory stack with at least 4 bread, carrots, potatoes, or beetroot or with at least 6 wheat, and then throws half the stack (rounded down) in the direction of the target villager. When wheat is shared, it is first crafted to bread, which may result in 1 or 2 less than half the stack being shared.

Farmer villagers can tend planted wheat, carrots, potatoes, and beetroots, harvesting them if they are fully grown or bonemealing them if possible. They then share their harvested food with other villagers to breed.

Adult villagers breed depending on the time of the day and need to be willing to spawn § Baby villagers, who require beds with at least two empty blocks above their heads. Job sites are not required for villagers to breed.

Breeding depends on the number of valid beds. If a villager is "willing" (see § Willingness below), villagers breed as long as there are unclaimed beds available within the limits of the village. All baby villagers are initially unemployed.

In Java Edition, two villagers nearby one another periodically enter mating mode if both have enough food and are not on cooldown. Breeding fails (with angry villager particles displayed) if no unclaimed bed can be reached via pathfinding within a 48-block radius. The appearance of the child is randomly determined by either the biome type of the parents or by the biome where the breeding occurred.

In Bedrock Edition, a census is periodically taken to determine the current population of the village. All villagers within the horizontal boundary of the village are counted as part of the population to determine if continued villager mating is allowed. However, any villager within the horizontal boundary of the village and the spherical boundary of the village attempts to enter mating mode as long as there is at least one villager within the boundary. If two villagers simultaneously enter mating mode while they are close to one another, they breed and produce a child. The appearance is determined by the biome where the breeding occurs in Bedrock Edition.

Villagers must be willing to breed. Willingness is determined by the amount of food items a villager has. Becoming willing consumes the villager's food stock, even if breeding fails to produce a baby villager. After successfully breeding, villagers cease to be willing for 5 minutes, at which point they must gather a sufficient stock of food items to breed again.

Villagers must have enough beds within village bounds‌^{[Java Edition only]}/loaded terrain‌^{[Bedrock Edition only][verify for Bedrock Edition]} for baby villagers to spawn. The villager must be able to path-find to the bed from its current position. (Note that mobs view certain blocks, such as slabs, trapdoors, etc., as full blocks for pathfinding, so putting these types of blocks above a bed invalidates the bed.)

Villagers can become willing by having either 3 bread, 12 carrots, 12 potatoes, or 12 beetroots in one slot in their inventory. Any villager with an excess of food (usually farmers) throws food to other villagers, allowing them to pick it up and obtain enough food to become willing. The player can also throw bread, carrots, beetroots, or potatoes at the villagers themselves to encourage breeding. Villagers consume the required food upon becoming willing. If /gamerule mobGriefing is false, villagers don't pick up food or break crops.

Baby villagers (sometimes called children, or child villagers) sprint around, entering and leaving houses at will. They sometimes stop sprinting to stare at other villagers, the player‌^{[Java Edition only]}, or an iron golem. If the iron golem is holding out a poppy, a child may cautiously take the flower from its hands. Baby villagers tend to group and chase one another around the village as if playing tag. They also jump on beds.

Illagers (except "Johnny" vindicators in Bedrock Edition) ignore baby villagers until they reach adulthood.

Baby villagers give gifts of poppies or wheat seeds to players who have the 👁 Image
Hero of the Village effect in Java Edition.

Baby villagers can fit through 1×1 block gaps.

A baby villager becomes an adult 20 minutes after birth, even when in a boat or a minecart. Baby villagers with no AI do not grow up.

Golden dandelions do not work on baby villagers.

When lightning strikes within 3–4 blocks of a villager, the villager is replaced by a witch that can't despawn. Even a baby villager that is struck by lightning is turned into a two-block-tall witch.

Iron golems will attack any villagers that turn into witches.

In Java Edition, villagers can summon an iron golem to protect themselves from hostile mobs. This requires either a villager panicking in a group of 3 villagers or 5 gossiping villagers. If they don't find an iron golem within 16 blocks of their location for 30 seconds, another one is summoned.

In Bedrock Edition, villagers can summon an iron golem if there are more than 10 villagers per existing golem, the village has at least 20 beds, and 75% of these villagers must have worked in the past day.

Villagers sometimes panic during a raid or a zombie siege by emitting water particles (sweat) and shaking.

In Java Edition, villagers panic if they see a mob that is hostile toward villagers, like a zombie, zombie villager, husk, drowned, zoglin, illager, vex, wither, or ravager and flee frantically from them, sometimes hiding in houses.

In Bedrock Edition, villagers panic by running around in circles around a bed in a village house, such as when a raid happens or when the player rings the village bell.

Java Edition villagers in panic are more likely to summon iron golems. To see these mobs, the villager must have an unobstructed line of sight to it (eye-level to eye-level), and be within a certain range (spherical distance between feet center bottom-most point of the villager and hostile mob):

Zombies, zombie villagers, husks, and drowned seek out and attack villagers within a 35– to 52.5–block radius (depending on regional difficulty)‌^{[Java Edition only]} or a 16-block radius‌^{[Bedrock Edition only]} (even when the villager is invisible). Zombies attempt to break down doors, but only a fraction of zombies can do so and can succeed only when difficulty is set to hard. Zombies who cannot break doors tend to crowd around a door that separates them from a villager. If a zombie or a drowned comes across a set of doors with one open, it usually tries to go through the closed door.

All zombies either kill villagers or convert them into zombie villagers. The chance of the villager becoming a zombie villager upon death depends on difficulty, being 0% on Easy, 50% on Normal, and 100% on Hard. Baby villagers can be infected by zombies as well, becoming baby zombie villagers. Drowned are able to convert villagers into zombie villagers even when attacking with a trident from a distance.

During a raid, villagers flee from illagers and run to the nearest house, similar to a zombie siege. For a villager to hide, the house must have a door and at least one bed.

Before the first raid wave in Java Edition, at least one villager rushes to ring the bell in the center of the village (if they are close enough) to warn the other villagers of an incoming raid before going into their house. In Bedrock Edition, the bell rings automatically regardless of whether a villager is nearby. In Java Edition, when a bell is rung, all illagers within 48 blocks get the glowing effect for 3 seconds.

A villager often stays in the house it first entered, but may exit the house occasionally. The player can still trade with villagers during a raid.

In Java Edition, the villager displays water particles on random occasions as if sweating.

In Java Edition, once the player gains the Hero of the Village status after defeating a raid, villagers give them a discount for their trades and throw them gifts related to their profession. In Bedrock Edition, the villagers do not throw the player gifts, but they still give them a discount for their trades.

Villagers stare at any player that stares at them, or goes near them, even if they have the Invisibility effect. This also applies for some mobs, especially cats. A villager first turns its head toward the player, then the body. Villagers can keep staring at the player unless a raid happens or a zombie comes and chases them off.

Villagers have set schedules depending on their age and employment status. Schedules define the villager's goals, which mostly determine how they behave throughout the day. However, their goals can be interrupted by higher priority behaviors most villagers have, such as fleeing from an attack, trading, and getting out of the rain.

Employed villagers spend most of their day standing next to their job site blocks. From time to time, they "gather supplies" by wandering a short distance away, then returning.

Some professions have additional job-specific goals that are part of their work schedule:

• Farmers harvest and sow crops.
• Librarians inspect bookshelves.‌^{[Bedrock Edition only]}

When a villager reaches its job site block, it commences "work". Two times a day, working resupplies any locked trades, even without having a bed or while sitting in a minecart. A villager can "reach" its job site block if the block is in any of the 8 directly adjacent or diagonal block spaces horizontally around it at the height of their feet, or at the 9 blocks below that. Villagers can still "reach" them diagonally, even if they can't see or touch the face of the block.

Employed villagers do not breed with each other during their work schedule. Nitwits and unemployed villagers do not follow this rule, as they can breed with each other and employed villagers that are not working.

Leatherworker villagers can work at any cauldron, not only their job site block. Also, the cauldron does not have to be filled with water in order for the villager to work at it.

All villagers wander from time to time, but for the unemployed and nitwits, they wander for the majority of their day. A wandering villager chooses a random block and walks toward it, then stands there for a variable amount of time before wandering again. If at any time it detects a job site block it can claim, it does so, assumes the skin for the associated profession, and immediately begins following the appropriate schedule.

A villager attempts to claim a job site block by finding a path to a block next to one, showing angry particles when unable to reach it. After a villager fails to reach the job site block several times, it becomes unclaimed, indicated by showing angry particles on it. The villager loses its job site block and eventually becomes unemployed if the villager is at novice-level and no nearby job site block is available. Any other nearby unemployed villager has a chance to become the block's new owner. If there are no unemployed villagers nearby, then the villager who lost the job site block seeks for another unclaimed one or tries to reclaim the same unreachable one in an endless loop (this also happens for claiming beds).

The wander schedule includes a job-specific goal called "exploring the outskirts" that causes villagers to wander near the edges of the village. This enables them to detect new beds, job site blocks, bells, and houses that players have used to extend the village. ‌^{[Bedrock Edition only]}

During this time of the day, they may also share items.

Late in the day, adult villagers gather at a meeting place (the area around a bell). When two villagers encounter one another, they mingle (look at each other and "converse" by humming at other villagers). They may also share food, or breed if both are willing.

If a villager isn't close enough to detect a bell, it wanders randomly, searching for one.

Baby villagers wander randomly around the village. When they encounter another baby villager, the two of them follow each other for a while and sometimes run as if racing or chasing each other.

In Java Edition, they sometimes stop to jump and bounce on a bed or to stare at an iron golem they encounter. In Bedrock Edition, if the iron golem offers them a poppy, the baby villager cautiously accepts it.

All villagers head home a short time before sunset. They roam around until they get near their beds, then target a block beside the bed. The bed's head must be accessible for the villagers to "see" it. Once they reach their beds, they do not go through a door again before sleeping.

A villager who has no bed simply waits inside a house until morning. This includes players stealing a villager's bed to sleep in, mostly the villager stays in the house and doesn't move until sunrise. But sometimes, if they detect an unclaimed bed nearby they walk out of the house and toward the bed.

At sunset, villagers lie down in their beds and remain there until morning. Villagers wake early if food is thrown at them‌^{[Java Edition only]}, they are pushed out of bed, or if their bed is destroyed. They also wake up when their bed is used, if they are attacked, or when a bell is rung. If possible, they return to sleeping in a bed after the interruption.

Jumping on a bed with a villager sleeping in it does not cause the villager to get up.

In Java Edition, a villager can be pushed on its bed and sometimes turn its head. A villager can be pushed off a bed,^[9] but is most likely to go back to sleeping after staring at the player who pushed the villager for a few seconds.

When sleeping in Java Edition, a villager's hitbox reduces to a cube restricted to the pillow part of the bed. If an anvil is dropped on the hitbox, the villager takes damage and wakes up and the anvil is dropped as an item.

In Bedrock Edition, dropping an anvil on a villager that is sleeping causes the villager to take damage but remain sleeping in the bed and the anvil remains on top of the bed.

A villager who has no bed continues wandering in search of a bed to claim.

Villagers follow their Overworld schedules regardless of which dimension they are in. They can sleep in the Nether or the End, without causing the usual consequences of the bed exploding (See Bed § Sleeping), if the Overworld's time is correct.^[10] This is because the daylight cycle continues in these dimensions, even though it is not normally apparent to the player.

Sometimes when a villager gets in a bed from another direction they turn their body until their head is on the pillow of the bed. Villagers also sleep with their eyes open.

A villager gets a brief regeneration effect once leveling up in its profession. Pink regeneration particles (👁 EffectSprite particle-regeneration.png: Sprite image for particle-regeneration in Minecraft
) appear while it is healing.

In Bedrock Edition, when a villager successfully sleeps, they immediately heal themselves when waking up at dawn (if they are hurt).

Each villager can have a profession except for the nitwit, indicated by their clothing as well as by the title at the top of the trading interface. A villager can choose their profession by claiming a job site block. When they go to work, they use their daily schedule to get to their claimed job site block. Some professions, like farmers and librarians, do other things. Farmers plant crops, and librarians can inspect bookshelves‌^{[Bedrock Edition only][verify]}. If an adult villager does not have a profession (either they are unemployed or a nitwit), they wander instead.

A job site block can be claimed only if it is unclaimed. Removal of a claimed job site block causes the owner to switch to another profession or become unemployed, provided that the villager has no prior trades with the player. If the villager has prior trades, it keeps its profession and claims a new job site block that matches its profession if one is available. This means that once a player trades with a villager, the villager keeps its profession forever.

Nitwits and baby villagers cannot change their profession.

In Java Edition, villagers summoned by a spawn egg or via command /summon are always unemployed until they have claimed a job site block. In Bedrock Edition, however, villagers summoned in similar ways have a random profession^[11]; their profession can be changed by a job site block, however.

Novice-level villagers who have not yet traded can lose their profession and change into unemployed villagers.

Unemployed adults actively seek for an unclaimed job site block and change into the corresponding profession.

Below is a table listing the various professions, along with the specific job site block that each profession requires (13 jobs in total, not including unemployed/nitwit):

Nitwit villagers wear robes that are green on top. They cannot change their profession, trade, or gather around bells, but are still able to breed. They are not equipped with a level stone since they cannot trade.

In Java Edition, pressing use on a nitwit causes it to grunt and bobble its head at the player. A nitwit must be born or spawned; no villagers change to nitwit from unemployed or a profession, and vice versa. Due to a bug, nitwits cannot spawn in through breeding.^[12] As such, they can only be found naturally or by curing naturally spawned zombie villagers. Zombie villagers can also be spawned as babies, so this is the only way to encounter baby nitwits in Survival mode.

In Bedrock Edition, every baby villager has a 10% chance to become a nitwit when they become an adult, as well as having a different sleep schedule where they wander around the village for about 2000 ticks (1 minute 40 seconds) after other villagers go to sleep, before seeking a bed. If they can claim a bed, they arise in the morning 2000 ticks after the rest of the village wakes up.

Villagers and zombie villagers have seven skin types corresponding to the biome they spawn in. Their appearance also varies based on their profession and their five tiers. They show which trade tier they have unlocked by a badge of a varying material on their belt. A new tier is obtained every time a player trades with a villager and the badge appears as stone, iron, gold, emerald, and diamond.

Villagers have different outfits depending on their biome. Naturally generated villagers take on the outfit from the biome they were spawned in. When breeding occurs, the outfit of the child is determined by the biome where the breeding occurs, but in Java Edition, there is a 50% chance it's inherited from the biome type of the parents (equal chance for both parents). In case the villager's outfit is determined by biome but the biome has no specific villager type, it always becomes a plains villager. The outfits available are the following:

👁 EntitySprite villager-desert.png: Sprite image for villager-desert in Minecraft
Desert

👁 EntitySprite villager-savanna.png: Sprite image for villager-savanna in Minecraft
Savanna

👁 EntitySprite villager-taiga.png: Sprite image for villager-taiga in Minecraft
Taiga

👁 EntitySprite villager-snowy.png: Sprite image for villager-snowy in Minecraft
Snowy

👁 EntitySprite villager-swamp.png: Sprite image for villager-swamp in Minecraft
Swamp

👁 EntitySprite villager-jungle.png: Sprite image for villager-jungle in Minecraft
Jungle

👁 EntitySprite villager-plains.png: Sprite image for villager-plains in Minecraft
Plains

Notes

Villagers have 13 professions and 2 non professions for a total of 15 outfits:

• Farmer (straw hat)
  • Trades crops and natural foods, such as bread and cookies.
• Fisherman (fisher hat)
  • Trades campfires and fishing items.
• Shepherd (brown hat with white apron)
  • Trades shears, wool, dyes, paintings and beds.
• Fletcher (hat with feather and quiver on the back)
  • Trades bows, crossbows, all types of arrows (except luck) and archery ingredients.
• Cleric (purple apron and creeper cloak)
  • Trades magic items like ender pearls, redstone dust, glowstone dust, and other enchanting or potion ingredients.
• Weaponsmith (eyepatch and black apron)
  • Trades minerals, bells and enchanted melee weapons. The axe enchantments are weapon related, such as Sharpness or Smite.
• Armorer (welding mask)
  • Trades foundry items and sells chain, iron and enchanted diamond armor tiers.
• Toolsmith (black apron)
  • Trades minerals, bells and harvest tools. The axe enchantments are tool related.
• Librarian (eyeglasses and a book as a hat)
  • Trades enchanted books, clocks, compasses, name tags, glass, ink sacs, lanterns, and book and quills.
• Cartographer (golden monocle)
  • Trades banners, compasses, banner patterns, papers and various maps, including explorer maps.
• Leatherworker (brown apron and brown gloves)
  • Trades scutes, rabbit hide, and leather-related items.
• Butcher (red headband and white apron)
  • Trades meats, sweet berries, rabbit stew, and dried kelp blocks.
• Mason (black apron and black gloves)
  • Trades polished stones, terracotta, clay, glazed terracotta and quartz.
• Nitwit (green coated, no badge)
  • No trades, no badge
• Unemployed (no overlay, base clothing of biome without any extra features)
  • No trades until employed. No badge until employed.
• Villagers have different trades based on the biome in which they spawn.

The trading system is a gameplay mechanic that allows players to buy and sell various items to and from villagers, using emeralds as a currency. Their trades can be valuable or somewhat meaningless, depending on the cost, the items the player might get, and how the player treats the villagers.

Only adult villagers with professions can trade; the player cannot trade with nitwits, unemployed villagers, or baby villagers. Attempting to do so causes the villager to display a head-bobbling animation and play the villager's declined trade sound‌^{[Java Edition only]}.

Pressing the use control on an employed villager allows a player to trade, making offers based on the villager's profession and profession level. All offers involve emeralds as a currency, and items related to the villager's profession.

Trading can allow the acquisition of items that would otherwise be difficult or impossible to obtain, such as enchanted books with "treasure" enchantments (e.g. Mending), bottles o' enchanting, or chainmail armor.

When a villager gets a new trade, they receive 10 seconds of Regeneration I (totaling to 4HP👁 ❤️
👁 ❤️
of restoration), which emits pink particles. The villager also emits green particles suggesting contentment.

Completing a trade with a villager increases its professional level, and makes the villager drop 3–6XP; while willing to breed, instead, 8–11XP is dropped. Some trades grant higher levels to the villager than others. As it advances through its profession, the villager offers additional trades. When a villager unlocks a new trade at a higher level, it almost always grants more experience than lower-level trades.

Villagers have a maximum supply of items and after the player has traded for an item that many times, the villager's supply of the item is exhausted. This results in the trade being temporarily locked. A player can continue to trade for the villager's other available items if any. Exhausted items are restocked when the villager works at a job site, up to twice per day.

Clicking use on an unemployed or nitwit villager in Java Edition causes it to grunt and bobble their head; doing so in Bedrock Edition does nothing.

Using a name tag on a villager always names the villager instead of opening the trading interface.

In Java Edition, using inside of the trading interface after one trade was made refills the trading slots with items from the inventory.^[verify]

The price of an item can rise and fall with changes in demand. The price of a traded item can rise when next resupplied, or fall from a risen price if not traded. Demand is stored per item, not per villager.

When a player holds an emerald or other item near a villager who wants that item, the villager holds up an item it offers in exchange. In Bedrock Edition, villagers raise their arms when showing trade items. For example, a farmer villager who buys 20 wheat for one emerald holds up an emerald, offering it to a player holding wheat.

If the villager has more than one trade for an item, it cycles through the trades, offering a different item every few seconds. This kind of trading interaction makes it easier to find villagers who offer a particular trade, but the player must still open the trading interface to complete the trade. Note that villagers do not hold items to offer trades during their gather or sleep phases, even though it is still possible to trade with them.

Villagers do not offer trades that are currently out of stock.

Villagers have various professions that progress through experience-based levels, unlocking new trade tiers.

• To rank up a villager, the player needs to trade. Trading with a Novice-level villager adds 1 or 2 XP per trade and each level progressively gains more XP per trade until the Master rank which earns up to 30 XP per trade. To see more, go to Trading.

In Bedrock Edition, villagers increase their prices of trades if a player's popularity is low, (e.g. from damaging villagers), and decrease it if their popularity is high (e.g. from trading with multiple villagers). Curing a zombie villager also increases the player's popularity by 10.

In Java Edition, a villager's prices are affected by the player's reputation with that villager rather than by village popularity.

When a player receives 👁 Image
Hero of the Village, players receive discounted prices on all the items traded by villagers in both editions. The 👁 Image
Hero of the Village also gets gifts.‌^{[Java Edition only]}

Each villager throws gifts related to its profession, and nitwits and unemployed villagers throw wheat seeds instead. These gifts range in value from common (like seeds) to rare items (like chainmail armor).

A player's popularity increases by 10 in Java Edition and doesn't increase in Bedrock Edition. Villagers also shoot off fireworks, with different colored fireworks with no pattern.

Java Edition:

Bedrock Edition:

Java Edition:

Bedrock Edition:

Villagers have entity data associated with them that contains various properties.

Java Edition:

Bedrock Edition:

See Bedrock Edition level format/Entity format.

Achievements that apply to all mobs:

Advancements that apply to all mobs:

Baby villagers in Bedrock Edition before Tiny Takeover (Bedrock Edition 26.10):

• 👁 Plains baby villager
  
  Plains baby villager
• 👁 Desert baby villager
  
  Desert baby villager
• 👁 Jungle baby villager
  
  Jungle baby villager
• 👁 Savanna baby villager
  
  Savanna baby villager
• 👁 Snowy baby villager
  
  Snowy baby villager
• 👁 Swamp baby villager
  
  Swamp baby villager
• 👁 Taiga baby villager
  
  Taiga baby villager